The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in patients with mental disorders: A meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The importance of both specific emotion regulation strategies and overall deficits in emotion regulation in the context of psychopathology is widely recognized. Besides alleviating psychological symptoms, improving mental well-being is increasingly considered important in treatment of people with mental disorders. However, no comprehensive meta-analysis on the relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in people with mental disorders has been conducted yet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to synthesize and meta-analyze evidence regarding the relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in clinical samples across studies. METHOD: A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus and 94 cross-sectional effect sizes from 35 studies were meta-analyzed to explore this relationship. To be eligible for the meta-analysis, studies had to include a clinical sample, assess at least one specific emotion regulation strategy or overall deficits in emotion regulation and include well-being as outcome. RESULTS: The findings showed significant small to moderate negative relationships with well-being for the strategies avoidance (r = -0.31) and rumination (r = -0.19) and positive relationships with reappraisal (r = 0.19) and acceptance (r = 0.42). Grouping together putative adaptive and maladaptive strategies revealed similar sized relationships with well-being in the expected direction. Overall deficits in emotion regulation showed a negative moderate correlation with well-being (r = -0.47). No substantial difference in relationships was found when clustering studies into hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that emotion regulation is not merely related with psychopathology, but also with well-being in general as well as hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Therefore, it might also be important to improve emotion regulation when aiming to improve well-being in people with mental disorders.
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“Extensive research links difficulties in emotion regulation with greater occurrence of negative emotions (53) and symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders (54–56).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
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“and associated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and other well-being indicators with a small to moderate effect size [9].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
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Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042 · cited 1×
“The current studywas prepared and conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines [64] and has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019129629).”
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · cited 1×
“Finally,we applied fail-safeNprocedures for all significant results, which estimates the number of unpublished nonsignificant studies that are required to make the results nonsignificant [78].”
MethodPreferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 1×
“A value of 0 is indicative of true homogeneity, while values of 25, 50 and 75 or higher indicates small, moderate and high levels of heterogeneity, respectively [71].”
BackgroundOperating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955 · cited 2×
“Since the funnel plot merely allows a visual and subjective decision about the presence of publication bias, we also conducted Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test [76] to quantitatively estimate the probability of publication bias.”
BackgroundMethodOn Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · Cited by 11,567 · cited 2×
“The classification into hedonic and eudaimonic well-being was based on the distinction outlined in the introduction [34,37,39].”
BackgroundThe structure of psychological well-being revisited.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719 · Cited by 10,285 · cited 2×
“The classification into hedonic and eudaimonic well-being was based on the distinction outlined in the introduction [34,37,39].”
BackgroundThe emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942 · cited 12×
“Several lines of research suggest that this overall deficiency in emotion regulation proposedbyGratz and Roemer [23] is related with numerous forms of psychopathology [26–28].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Bohlmeijer, 2018, A new model for sustainable mental health, integrating well-being into psychological treatment (in press)
- Dingle, 2018, Neves DdC, Alhadad SS, Hides L Individual and interpersonal emotion regulation among adults with substance use disorders and matched controls British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 186
- Kladnitski N, Smith J, Uppal S, James MA, Allen AR, Andrews G, et al. Transdiagnostic Internet-Delivered CBT and Mindfulness-Based Treatment for Depression and Anxiety: a Randomised Controlled Trial under review. under review.
- Rueda, 2016, Relationships among stress, Experiential Avoidance and Depression in Psychiatric Patients The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of emotion regulation in the characterization, development and treatment of psychopathology
Lincoln, T. M., Schulze, L., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00040-4 · Cited by 234
Eisenstadt, M., Liverpool, S., Infanti, E., Ciuvat, R. M., & Carlsson, C. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/31170 · Cited by 212
“Further, emotion regulation has been considered to be a focal point to address psychological disorders [26] and to enhance well-being [27].”
Kodati, D., & Ramakrishnudu, T. (2021) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115265 · Cited by 68
Acting as we feel: Which emotional responses to the climate crisis motivate climate action
Kovács, L. N., Jordan, G., Berglund, F., Holden, B., Niehoff, E., Pohl, F., Younssi, M., Zevallos, I., Ágoston, C., Varga, A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102327 · Cited by 76
Tsujimoto, M., Saito, T. I., Matsuzaki, Y., & Kawashima, R. (2024) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00714-1 · Cited by 80
Metadata
- Authors
- Kraiss, J. T., ten Klooster, P. M., Moskowitz, J. T., & Bohlmeijer, E. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Twente (NL)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kraiss, Jannis T.
- Venue
- Comprehensive Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 102
- Pages
- 152189
- ISSN
- 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3035771434
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, well-being, mental illness, psychopathology, emotion regulation strategies, avoidance, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emotions, Humans, Psychopathology
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