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The relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in patients with mental disorders: A meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The importance of both specific emotion regulation strategies and overall deficits in emotion regulation in the context of psychopathology is widely recognized. Besides alleviating psychological symptoms, improving mental well-being is increasingly considered important in treatment of people with mental disorders. However, no comprehensive meta-analysis on the relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in people with mental disorders has been conducted yet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to synthesize and meta-analyze evidence regarding the relationship between emotion regulation and well-being in clinical samples across studies. METHOD: A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus and 94 cross-sectional effect sizes from 35 studies were meta-analyzed to explore this relationship. To be eligible for the meta-analysis, studies had to include a clinical sample, assess at least one specific emotion regulation strategy or overall deficits in emotion regulation and include well-being as outcome. RESULTS: The findings showed significant small to moderate negative relationships with well-being for the strategies avoidance (r = -0.31) and rumination (r = -0.19) and positive relationships with reappraisal (r = 0.19) and acceptance (r = 0.42). Grouping together putative adaptive and maladaptive strategies revealed similar sized relationships with well-being in the expected direction. Overall deficits in emotion regulation showed a negative moderate correlation with well-being (r = -0.47). No substantial difference in relationships was found when clustering studies into hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that emotion regulation is not merely related with psychopathology, but also with well-being in general as well as hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Therefore, it might also be important to improve emotion regulation when aiming to improve well-being in people with mental disorders.
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“Extensive research links difficulties in emotion regulation with greater occurrence of negative emotions (53) and symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders (54–56).”
From Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
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“and associated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and other well-being indicators with a small to moderate effect size [9].”
From A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Bohlmeijer, 2018, A new model for sustainable mental health, integrating well-being into psychological treatment (in press)
- Dingle, 2018, Neves DdC, Alhadad SS, Hides L Individual and interpersonal emotion regulation among adults with substance use disorders and matched controls British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 186
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- Rueda, 2016, Relationships among stress, Experiential Avoidance and Depression in Psychiatric Patients The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19
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The role of emotion regulation in the characterization, development and treatment of psychopathology
Lincoln, T. M., Schulze, L., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00040-4 · Cited by 234
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Kodati, D., & Ramakrishnudu, T. (2021) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115265 · Cited by 68
Acting as we feel: Which emotional responses to the climate crisis motivate climate action
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Tsujimoto, M., Saito, T. I., Matsuzaki, Y., & Kawashima, R. (2024) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-024-00714-1 · Cited by 80
Metadata
- Authors
- Kraiss, J. T., ten Klooster, P. M., Moskowitz, J. T., & Bohlmeijer, E. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Twente (NL)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kraiss, Jannis T.
- Venue
- Comprehensive Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 102
- Pages
- 152189
- ISSN
- 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3035771434
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- ZonMw
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, well-being, mental illness, psychopathology, emotion regulation strategies, avoidance, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emotions, Humans, Psychopathology
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