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Non-canonical amino acids in protein engineering
Abstract
Methods for engineering proteins that contain non-canonical amino acids have advanced rapidly in the past few years. Novel amino acids can be introduced into recombinant proteins in either a residue-specific or site-specific fashion. The methods are complementary: residue-specific incorporation allows engineering of the overall physical and chemical behavior of proteins and protein-like macromolecules, whereas site-specific methods allow mechanistic questions to be probed in atomistic detail. Challenges remain in the engineering of the translational apparatus and in the design of schemes that can be used to encode both canonical and non-canonical amino acids.
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“Protein-based hydrogels can be outfitted with a broad range of chemical functionalities by introducing noncanonical amino acids208,209; they can also be readily tailored to a wide variety of biomedical contexts210,211 and made thermally responsive212,213.”
From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [208]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Link, A. J., Mock, M. L., & Tirrell, D. A.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tirrell, David A
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Biotechnology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 603-609
- ISSN
- 0958-1669 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090897179
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Keywords
- unnatural amino acids, protein engineering, site-specific incorporation, amino acid encoding, protein design
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Escherichia coli, Models, Biological, Models, Chemical, Ribosomes, RNA, Transfer, Protein Engineering
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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