Frontal theta activity and white matter plasticity following mindfulness meditation
Open accessAbstract
Both brain alpha and theta power have been examined in the mindfulness meditation literature and suggested as key biological signatures that potentially facilitate a successful meditative state. However, the exact role of how alpha and theta waves contribute to the initiation and maintenance of a meditative state remains elusive. In this perspective paper, we discuss the role of frontal midline theta (FMθ) activity in brain white matter plasticity following mindfulness meditation. In accordance with the previous studies in humans, we propose that FMθ activity indexes the control needed to maintain the meditation state; whereas alpha activity is related to the preparation needed to achieve the meditative state. Without enough mental preparation, one often struggles with and has difficulty achieving a meditative state. Animal work provides further evidence supporting the hypothesis that mindfulness meditation induces white matter changes through increasing FMθ activity. These studies shed light on how to effectively enhance brain plasticity through mindfulness meditation.
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The enhancement of frequency band power, mainly alpha power over the frontal region and theta power over the midline region, especially the frontal midline region, are directly correlated with mindfulness.
“Herein, it is reasonable to assert that the enhancement of frequency band power, mainly alpha power over the frontal region and theta power over the midline region, especially the frontal midline region, are directly correlated with mindfulness (Tang et al. 2019; Valadez 2015).”
From Changes in Mental Health and EEG Biomarkers of Undergraduates Under Different Patterns of Mindfulness (2024) · cites this paper as Tang et al. 2019
In “Theta and alpha activity following meditation,” the paper says mindfulness meditation is commonly associated with enhanced alpha and theta power, and reports increased frontal-midline theta during meditation. It does not establish that enhanced alpha power is mainly frontal or that these power changes are directly correlated with mindfulness; it also notes mixed EEG findings and distinguishes alpha activity during preparation from theta activity during meditation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“Herein, it is reasonable to assert that the enhancement of frequency band power, mainly alpha power over the frontal region and theta power over the midline region, especially the frontal midline region, are directly correlated with mindfulness (Tang et al. 2019; Valadez 2015).”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Tang, Y.-Y., Tang, R., Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Oregon (US)
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 28
- Pages
- 294-297
- ISSN
- 2352-250X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6778007
- OpenAlex
- W2937027219
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Psychology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, white matter plasticity, neuroplasticity, alpha activity, meditative states, mental control, neural oscillations
- MeSH terms
- Alpha Rhythm, Animals, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Neuronal Plasticity, Theta Rhythm, Meditation, Mindfulness, White Matter
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