The DOI matches its Crossref record; 203 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The etiology of social phobia: empirical evidence and an initial model
Abstract
Research into the etiology of social phobia has lagged far behind that of descriptive and maintaining factors. The current paper reviews data from a variety of sources that have some bearing on questions of the origins of social fears. Areas examined include genetic factors, temperament, childrearing, negative life events, and adverse social experiences. Epidemiological data are examined in detail and factors associated with social phobia such as cognitive distortions and social skills are also covered. The paper concludes with an initial model that draws together some of the current findings and aims to provide a platform for future research directions.
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“For instance, parenting styles associated with overcontrol or overprotection (152–154), exposure to adverse social experiences with peers, such as bullying, social ostracism, or peer victimization (152, 155, 156), early relational traumatic experiences (154, 157, 158) and strong societal expectations to adhere to strict cultural norms (159) contribute to the development of social anxiety and may”
From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [152]
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Cites
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Self-citationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Lee, 1999, Offensive type of social phobia: Cross-cultural perspectives, International Medical Journal, 6, 271
- Stein, 2001, Social anxiety disorder and the risk of depression: A prospective community study of adolescents and young adults, Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 251, 10.1001/archpsyc.58.3.251 · DOI · Paper page
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Stein, M. B., & Stein, D. J. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60488-2 · Cited by 1,137
Anxiety Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence: Origins and Treatment
Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L. (2009) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628 · Cited by 821
SOCIAL: An integrative framework for the development of social skills.
Beauchamp, M. H., & Anderson, V. A. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0017768 · Cited by 749
Jacobson, N. C., & Newman, M. G. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000111 · Cited by 576
Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V
Bögels, S. M., Alden, L., Beidel, D. C., Clark, L. A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., & Voncken, M. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20670 · Cited by 526
Metadata
- Authors
- Rapee, R. M., & Spence, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Macquarie University (AU)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Rapee, Ronald M.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 737-767
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032980834
- Cited by
- 693
- References
- 195
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, etiology, genetic factors, temperament, parenting, negative life events, cognitive distortions, social skills
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Phobic Disorders, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Age of Onset, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Empirical Research
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