Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis

Armstrong, Thomas, Olatunji, Bunmi O.·2012·Clinical Psychology Review

Cited by (1,000)

Items 701–800 of 1,000

  1. Exploring the Impact of Visual Properties of Natural Objects on Attention in Both Real and Virtual Office Environment: A Pilot Study
    Alireza Sedghikhanshir, Yimin Zhu · 2022 · ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering (i3CE)
  2. Primary prevention of trauma-related disorders in high-risk professionals: A systematic review
    Carys Porter, Miriam J.J. Lommen · 2022 · Mental Health & Prevention
  3. The impact of attention bias modification training on behavioral and physiological responses
    Stéphane Ranfaing, Lucas De Zorzi, Rémi Ruyffelaere, Jacques Honoré, Hugo Critchley, Henrique Sequeira · 2024 · Biological Psychology
  4. No immediate attentional bias towards or choice bias for male secondary sexual characteristics in Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus)
    Tom S. Roth, Iliana Samara, Juan Olvido Perea‐García, Mariska Esther Kret · 2024 · Scientific Reports
  5. Features of attention network impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Evidence from eye-tracking and electroencephalogram
    H. W. Yang, Xiaojie Wei, Kailing Huang, Zhongling Wu, Qiong Zhang, Shirui Wen, Quan Wang, Li Feng · 2024 · Epilepsy & Behavior
  6. Attentional Bias Modification is associated with fMRI Response towards Negative Stimuli in Residual Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Eva Hilland, Nils Inge Landrø, Catherine J. Harmer, Michael D. Browning, Luigi A. Maglanoc, Rune Jonassen · 2018 · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
  7. ETCAL - A versatile and extendable library for eye tracker calibration
    Paweł Kasprowski, Katarzyna Harȩżlak · 2018 · SoftwareX
  8. Study Protocol: Temperament, Evolving Emotions, and Neuroscience Study
    Kristin A. Buss, Sarah Myruski, Koraly E. Pérez‐Edgar, Martha Ellen Wadsworth, Lorah D. Dorn · 2023
  9. Individual gaze predicts individual scene descriptions
    Diana Kollenda, Anna-Sophia V. Reher, Benjamin de Haas · 2024
  10. Effectiveness of a projection-based augmented reality exposure system in treating cockroach phobia: Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
    Grimaldos, Jorge, Bretón-López, Juana, Palau-Batet, María, Díaz-Sanahuja, Laura, Quero, Soledad · 2023 · BMJ Open
  11. Improving Anorexia Nervosa Treatment with Virtual Reality Body Exposure and Attentional Bias Modification: A Single Case Study
    Mariarca Ascione, Eduardo Serrano‐Troncoso, Marta Carulla‐Roig, Anna Blasco Martínez, Fernando Guerrero Álvarez, Franck‐Alexandre Meschberger‐Annweiler, Bruno Porras-García, Marta Ferrer‐García, José Gutiérrez‐Maldonado · 2024 · Applied Sciences
  12. Attention bias variability as a cognitive marker of PTSD: A comparison of eye-tracking and reaction time methodologies
    Tal Lev, Chelsea Dyan Gober Dykan, Amit Lazarov, Yair Bar‐Haim · 2025 · Journal of Affective Disorders
  13. Evidence of Altered Biobehavioral Threat Processes in Adolescents With Eating Disorders: A Scoping Review
    Sasha Gorrell, Sapna Ramappa, Brianne N. Richson, Elizabeth N. Dougherty, Simar Singh, Karin Lindström, Maya Day, Emma Rasmussen, Lisa M. Anderson · 2025 · International Journal of Eating Disorders
  14. Why people with depression appear to be demotivated
    Hadis Farokhi · 2025 · Philosophical Psychology
  15. Mobile Reading Attention of College Students in Different Reading Environments: An Eye-Tracking Study
    Siwei Xu, Mingyu Xu, Qiyao Kang, Xiaoqun Yuan · 2025 · Behavioral Sciences
  16. Predicting anxiety symptoms through gaze-directed attention: A mobile eye-tracking study of adolescents during a real-world speech task
    Emily Hutchinson, Erica Huynh, Mary L. Woody, Dev Chopra, Amelia H. Lint, Enoch Du, Kristy Benoit Allen, Cecile D. Ladouceur, Jennifer Susan Silk · 2025 · Journal of Anxiety Disorders
  17. Impact of emotional working memory training on threat-related attentional bias in social anxiety: Evidence from eye movements
    Huan Zhang, Keyin Chen, Pengfei Xu, Xin Zhao · 2025 · Journal of Affective Disorders
  18. PrivateXR: Defending Privacy Attacks in Extended Reality Through Explainable AI-Guided Differential Privacy
    Ripan Kumar Kundu, Istiak Ahmed, Khaza Anuarul Hoque · 2025 · Proceedings - International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR
  19. Primary Prevention of PTSD Symptoms in Combat-Deploying Soldiers Using Attention Bias Modification: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Chelsea Dyan Gober Dykan, Yoav Levinstein, Lucian Tetse-Laur, Ariel Ben-Yehuda, Jacob Rotschield, Daniel S. Pine, Paul D. Bliese, Yair Bar‐Haim · 2025 · American Journal of Psychiatry
  20. The attentional bias towards threat in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence from eye movement studies
    Yu Bai, Haibo Yang · 2021 · Advances in Psychological Science
  21. Individual differences in motivational self-focus modulate context-based affective attention flexibility toward goal-relevant information: An eye-tracking study
    Óscar Martín-García, Rudi De Raedt, Malvika Godara, Cristina Ottaviani, Álvaro Sánchez-López · 2022 · Learning and Motivation
  22. Biased Interpretation of Ambiguity in Depression and Anxiety: Interactions with Attention, Memory, and Cognitive Control Processes
    Jonas Everaert, Sarah Struyf, Ernst H. W. Koster · 2023 · CBT: science into practice
  23. Deployment of attention to facial expressions varies as a function of emotional quality—but not in alexithymic individuals
    Chiara Surber, Dennis Hoepfel, Vivien Günther, Anette Kersting, Michael Rufer, Thomas Suslow, Charlott Maria Bodenschatz · 2024 · Frontiers in Psychiatry
  24. Classification of depression tendency from gaze patterns during sentence reading
    Oren Kobo, Aya Meltzer‐Asscher, Jonathan Berant, Tom Schönberg · 2024 · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control
  25. Looking through a glass onion: Exploring the validity of eye-tracking technology in capturing self-directed attention
    Jean Monéger, Nicolas Noiret · 2024 · Journal of Research in Personality
  26. Emotional tears: What they are and how they work
    Daniel Sznycer, Asmir Gračanin, Debra Lieberman · 2025 · Evolution and Human Behavior
  27. Suicide Ideation Severity and Oculomotor Avoidance of Suicide‐Related Stimuli
    Emilia Sherifi, Megan Wheeler Rowe, Thomas R. Armstrong, Jeremy Gordon Stewart · 2025 · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
  28. How allusion enhances consumer response to hope appeals in health messaging
    Pia A. Albinsson, Bruce A. Huhmann, Bidisha Burman · 2025 · Journal of Business Research
  29. Examining disgust learning through category conditioning: Evidence from trial-unique presentations and oculomotor avoidance
    Sinem Söylemez, Aycan Kapucu · 2025 · Learning & Behavior
  30. Multi-Scale Temporal-Frequency Attention Network Based on Ocular Imaging for Depression Detection
    Ziru Weng, Zilin Guo, Yujie Gao, Weihao Zheng, Yongfeng Tao, Bin Hu, Minqiang Yang · 2025 · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
  31. Skidmore Clips of Neutral and Expressive Scenarios (SCENES): Novel dynamic stimuli for social cognition research
    Casey A. Schofield, Justin W. Weeks, Lea E. Taylor, Colten Karnedy · 2015 · Psychiatry Research
  32. Personality Traits and Mental Disorders
    Christian A. Hakulinen, Markus M. Jokela, Mika Kivimaki B, Marko J. Elovainio · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  33. Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction
    Michael W. Eysenck, Amanda Holmes · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  34. Decreased attentional allocation to centrally presented positive stimuli in individuals with depressive symptoms
    Yuki Nishiguchi, Y. Tanno · 2021 · Current Psychology
  35. Depressive Symptoms Account for Loss of Positive Attention Bias in ADHD Patients: An Eye-Tracking Study
    Cassandra C. Schuthof, Indira Tendolkar, Maria Annemiek Bergman, Margit Klok, Rose M. Collard, Philip van Eijndhoven, Aart H. Schene, Janna Nonja Vrijsen · 2021 · Journal of Attention Disorders
  36. Personality at Work
    Jesús F. Salgado, Neil R. Anderson, Silvia Moscoso · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  37. Emotional scene remembering: A combination of disturbing and facilitating effects of emotion?
    David Bouvarel, Jérémy Gardette, Manon Saint-Macary, Pascal Hot · 2022 · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
  38. Understanding heterogeneity in pathways between interparental conflict and children's involvement: The moderating role of affect-biased attention
    Morgan J. Thompson, Patrick T. Davies, Melissa L. Sturge‐Apple · 2022 · Child Development
  39. Infant negative affectivity and patterns of affect‐biased attention
    Danielle A. Swales, Julie C. Markant, Ella‐Marie P. Hennessey, Deborah H. Glueck, Benjamin L. Hankin, Elysia Poggi Davis · 2023 · Developmental Psychobiology
  40. Implicit and explicit learning of socio-emotional information are not related to the level of depressive symptomatology
    Răzvan Jurchiș, Andrei Razvan Costea, Adrian Nicolae Opre · 2023 · Motivation and Emotion
  41. Shifty Eyes: The Impact of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Gaze Behaviour During Threat Conditioning
    Claudia Rodriguez-Sobstel, Shannon Jade Wake, Helen Frances Dodd, Eugene McSorley, Carien M. van Reekum, Jayne Morriss · 2023 · Collabra Psychology
  42. Objective Depression Detection Using EEG and Eye Movement Signals Induced by Oil Paintings
    Luyu Liu, Dan Peng, Wei‐Long Zheng, Bao‐Liang Lu · 2023 · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)
  43. Gaze Behaviour in Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During Exposure Within Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy
    Annika Thierfelder, Björn Severitt, Carolin S. Klein, Annika Kristin Alt, Karsten Hollmann, Andreas Bulling, Winfried Ilg · 2024 · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
  44. Inhibition of emotional faces in clinical and subclinical depression
    Nathan Ridout, Barbara Dritschel, Hannah Wardall, Richard K. Day, Ronan E. O’Carroll · 2025 · Journal of Psychiatric Research
  45. Predicting dimensional antidepressant response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation using pretreatment resting-state functional connectivity
    Benjamin Wade, Tracy A. Barbour, Kristen K. Ellard, Joan Albert Camprodon · 2025 · Nature Mental Health
  46. Attentional processing of information related to illness: Biases and associations with emotional response in young adults with different levels of illness anxiety
    Chrysanthi Leonidou, Georgia Panayiotou · 2020 · Journal of Health Psychology
  47. Models of Personality Structure
    Boele De Raad, Dick P. H. Barelds · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  48. Cognitive Processes and Models
    Gerald Matthews · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  49. The impact of homonegativity on gynephilic men's visual attention toward non-preferred sexual targets
    Dan Tassone, Samantha J. Dawson, Meredith L. Chivers · 2019 · Personality and Individual Differences
  50. Attentional bias in veterans with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder before and after internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy – An eye-tracking investigation
    Annika Kuester, Helen Niemeyer, Sarah Schumacher, Sinha Engel, Jan Spies, Deborah Weiß, Beate Muschalla, Sebastian Burchert, Sascha Tamm, Anke Weidmann et al. · 2020 · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy
  51. Basic Needs, Goals and Motivation
    James L. Szalma · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  52. Attention orientation to pleasantness and depressive symptomatology predict autonomic reactivity
    Ranfaing, Stéphane, De Zorzi, Lucas, Honoré, Jacques, Critchley, Hugo, Sequeira, Henrique · 2021 · Cognition and Emotion
  53. Personality in Cross-Cultural Perspective
    Juris G. Dragūns, Junko Tanaka‐Matsumi · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  54. Attentional control in bilingualism: An exploration of the effects of trait anxiety and rumination on inhibition
    Julia Ouzia, Peter Bright, Roberto Filippi · 2019
  55. The effect of trait anxiety on the time course of self-relevant processing: Evidence from the perceptual matching task
    Jie Chen, Tingwei Yu, Cuihong Liu, Yuchen Yang, Yadi Lan, Wenjie Li · 2023 · Biological Psychology
  56. The influence of gender and body satisfaction on attentional bias among young adults in Hong Kong: An eye-tracking study
    Tina Louisa Rochelle, Xiuyan Huang · 2024 · Journal of Health Psychology
  57. Eye tracking based clustering using the Korean version of the reading the mind in the eyes test
    Se Jun Koo, Eun Jung Cha, Jee Eun Min, Eunchong Seo, Eun Min Lee, Suk Kyoon An · 2025 · Scientific Reports
  58. A gaze into the void: Anticipatory saccades toward prevented events
    Solveig Tonn, Janna Teigeler, Roland Pfister, Matthias Gamer · 2025 · Attention Perception & Psychophysics
  59. Attentional control dampens the effects of intolerance of uncertainty and uncertainty-related attentional bias on posttraumatic stress symptoms
    Kate E. Clauss, Travis A. Rogers, Thomas A. Daniel, Joseph R. Bardeen · 2025 · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
  60. Are we attending to climate change? A systematic review of the cognitive science literature
    Joshua Michael Carlson, Lin Fang, Mikenna Weiler, Abigail J. Dawson · 2025 · Cognitive Processing
  61. Embodied Learning in Virtual Reality: Enhancing Japanese Psychomimetic Word Acquisition Through Emotional Experiences
    Tang Li, Xuewang Geng, Masanori Yamada · 2025 · IEEE Access
  62. Attention to Instagram features in female youth with anxiety symptoms
    Youna McGowan, Bilikis Banire, Hailey Burns, Dawson Sutherland, Sherry H. Stewart, Raymond M. Klein, Sandra Melanie Meier · 2025 · Comprehensive Psychiatry
  63. Depression Recognition Using Machine Learning Algorithms With Eye Tracking, Visual Evoked Potentials, and Auditory P300 Among Chinese Medical Students
    Rongxun Liu, Jinnan Yan, Shisen Qin, Peng Luo, Yuanle Chen, Luhan Yang, Guangjun Ji, Chao Wang, Xuebing Huang, Fei Wang et al. · 2025 · Depression and Anxiety
  64. Artificial Intelligence–Based Computerized Digit Vigilance Test in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Development and Validation Study
    Gong-Hong Lin, Dorothy Bai, Yi-Jing Huang, Shih-Chieh Lee, Mai Thi Thuy Vu, Tsu-Hsien Chiu · 2025 · JMIR Medical Informatics
  65. The Diagnostic Potential of Eye Tracking to Detect Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review
    Marcella Di Cara, Carmela De Domenico, Adriana Piccolo, Angelo Alito, Lara Costa, Angelo Quartarone, Francesca Cucinotta · 2026 · Medical Sciences
  66. Seeing Anger Without Self-Blame and its Association with Depression: Insights from a Morphed Face Study
    Izabela Kaźmierczak, Iwona Nowakowska, Marta Bodecka-Zych, Michał Szulawski, Sebastian Smoleń · 2026 · Cognitive Therapy and Research
  67. From Inkblots to Eye Movements: A Multi-Method Investigation of Trauma
    Alessandro Lorenzoni, Francesca Ales, Alessandro Zennaro, Luciano Giromini · 2026 · Journal of Personality Assessment
  68. Hyper-scanning and hyper-pursuit define eye movement biomarkers of anxiety disorders
    Dan Zhang, Y C Li, Lihua Xu, Yangyang Xu, Xu Liu, Wensi Zheng, Yawen Hong, JinYang Zhao, YanYan Wei, HuiRu Cui et al. · 2026 · The British Journal of Psychiatry
  69. Narrative Identity in the Social World
    Kate C. McLean, Moin Syed, Kristín Gudbjörg Haraldsson, Lexi Lowe · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  70. Personality and Crime
    Donald R. Lynam, Colin E. Vize, Joshua D. Miller · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  71. Traits and Dynamic Processes
    Eranda Jayawickreme, Corinne E. Zachry · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  72. A Cross-sectional Study of Attention Bias for Facial Expression Stimulation in Patients with Stroke at the Convalescence Stage
    Hirokazu Takizawa, Toshiyuki Ishioka, Kohei Koizumi, Jun Tayama, Makoto Suzuki, Naoki Nakaya, Toyohiro Hamaguchi · 2020 · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
  73. Attentional Biases toward Face-Related Stimuli among Athletes after State Thwarting Need for Relatedness
    Na Xu, Xuchang Zhang, Xiuli Liu, Mingyu Sun, Rui Li, Wang Ying-chun · 2022 · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
  74. The effect of emotional uncertainty on attentional bias toward neutral infant faces in adults
    Yue Lin Li, Gang Cheng, Xiu Hong Wu, Huang Yan Dai, Yuncheng Jia · 2022 · Developmental Psychobiology
  75. Selective attention to pain and empathy: Studying frequent blood donors
    Sina Omyan, Mahdi Mazidi, Ali Khatibi · 2022 · Brain and Behavior
  76. How scene encoding affects memory discrimination: Analysing eye movements data using data driven methods
    Franck Doidy, Pierre Desaunay, Camille Rébillard, Patrice Clochon, Anna Lambrechts, Prany Wantzen, Fabian Guenolé, Jean‐Marc Baleyte, Francis Eustache, Dermot Bowler et al. · 2023 · Visual Cognition
  77. Neurometric and biometric measurement of the effectiveness of covid-19-related public service announcements
    Hazal Duman Alptekin, Nihan Tomris Küçün, Merve Kurt, Behçet Yalın Özkara · 2024 · International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing
  78. How do pressure impact attention control in precision sports: attentional engagement or attentional disengagement?
    Lixin Ai, Liwei Zhang · 2024 · Current Psychology
  79. Distinct patterns of emotional processing in ADHD and anxiety. Evidence from an eye-movement Go/No-Go task
    Athina Manoli, Simon P. Liversedge, Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke, Julie A. Hadwin · 2024 · Journal of Cognitive Psychology
  80. Fixation patterns in pairs of facial expressions—preferences of self-critical individuals
    Bronislava Strnádelová, Martina Baránková, Júlia Halamová · 2024 · PeerJ Computer Science
  81. The Organization of Anxiety Symptoms Along the Threat Imminence Continuum
    Ya’ira Somerville, Rany Abend · 2024 · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences
  82. Efficacy of traditional and gamified attention bias modification for depression: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    Beatrice H. Fadrigon, Ariel Tseng, Rachel L. Weisenburger, Andrew Levihn‐Coon, Mary Eileen McNamara, Jason Shumake, Jasper A. J. Smits, Tracy A. Dennis‐Tiwary, Christopher Graham Beevers · 2024 · Contemporary Clinical Trials
  83. Attention Allocation for Dysphoric Information in Adults with Depression Symptoms Using Eye-tracking and Mouse-tracking
    Mary Eileen McNamara, Jason Shumake, Christopher Graham Beevers · 2025 · PLoS ONE
  84. Temporal dynamics in attentional bias toward shopping cues among problematic online shoppers
    Yawen Guo, Jon D. Elhai, Christian Montag, Dongyu Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Haibo Yang · 2025 · Journal of Behavioral Addictions
  85. Sustaining attention to positive while early vigilance for negative environmental information: Evidence from eye movements
    Jie Tang, Li Wang, Buxin Han, Pingping Liu · 2025 · Journal of Environmental Psychology
  86. Interactions between emotional attention, encoding, and retrieval of ambiguous information: an eye-tracking study
    Jonas Everaert, Ernst H. W. Koster · 2015 · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
  87. Clinical relevance of cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder
    Danielle S. Cha · 2015 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  88. Social cognition and emotional processing in major depressive disorder
    Philippe Fossati, Sophie Hinfray · 2015 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  89. SELECTIVE ATTENTION HYPOTHESIS IN IRANIAN PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
    Parvaneh Mohammadkhani, Elham Eskandari, Ali Mehrabi, Mahdi Bagheri · 2015 · Practice in Clinical Psychology
  90. Effects of conversation content on viewing dyadic conversations
    Jarkko Hautala, Otto Loberg, Jari K. Hietanen, Lauri Nummenmaa, Piia Astikainen · 2016 · Journal of Eye Movement Research
  91. Do people with acute low back pain have an attentional bias to threat-related words?
    Ian Skinner, Markus Hübscher, Hopin Lee, Adrian C. Traeger, G. Lorimer Moseley, Benedict Martin Wand, Sylvia Maria Gustin, James Henry McAuley · 2021 · Scandinavian Journal of Pain
  92. Vorgehen zur Beschreibung von menschlichem Expertenwissen und kognitiven Prozessen beim Teach-in von Industrierobotern
    Daniel A Darnstaedt, Antje Ahrens, Valentin Richter-Trummer, Marcel Todtermuschke, Franziska Bocklisch · 2021 · Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft
  93. Emotional bias of trait anxiety on pre-attentive processing of facial expressions: ERP investigation
    Wanyue Li, Shen Liu, Shangfeng Han, Lin Zhang, Qiang Xu · 2021 · Acta Psychologica Sinica
  94. Attachment Theory
    Mario Mikulincer, Phillip R. Shaver · 2020 · Cambridge University Press eBooks
  95. Application of Cognitive Bias Testing in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Mini-Review Based on Animal Studies
    Yuhan Zhang, Ning Wang, Xiaoxiao Lin, Jin‐Yan Wang, Fei Luo · 2022 · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
  96. Complex network of eye movements during rapid automatized naming
    Hongan Wang, Fulin Liu, Dongchuan Yu · 2023 · Frontiers in Neuroscience
  97. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of online interpretation bias intervention on stress reactivity in the children of parents with depression: the CoCo study
    Tonya Frommelt, Leonie Bäumler, Nicolas Rohleder, Gerd Schulte‐Körne, Belinda Platt · 2023 · BMC Psychiatry
  98. Users’ Opinions When Drawing with an Eye Tracker
    Andreas Mallas, Michalis Xenos, Maria Margosi · 2023 · Lecture notes in computer science
  99. Using Eye Tracking to Map Attention in an EEG-Based Brainwave Graphic Visualization System
    Valdecir Becker, Matheus Dantas Cavalcanti, Felipe Melo Feliciano de Sá, Thiago Silva, Matheus V. Falcao · 2023 · Communications in computer and information science
  100. The gaze biases towards pain-related information during the late stages predict the persistence of chronic pain: Evidence from eye movements
    Zhou YANG, Jia-Wen ZHU, Lin SU, Ming-Jie XIONG, Todd Jackson · 2023 · Acta Psychologica Sinica