The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The efficacy of cognitive and behavior therapies for insomnia on daytime symptoms: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Insomnia disorder, defined by nocturnal and daytime symptoms, is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with the onset of mental illness. Although daytime symptoms are often the reason insomnia patients seek help, it is not clear whether recommended treatment is effective on daytime symptoms. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive and behavior therapies for insomnia (CBT-I) on all daytime symptoms explored in the literature using both direct and indirect data. 86 studies (15,578 participants) met inclusion criteria. Results showed significant effects of CBT-I administered face-to-face individually, in group and different self-help settings on depressive symptoms, anxiety, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, quality of life, daytime and social functioning and mental state, with Cohen's d's ranging from -0.52 and 0.81. Our results suggest that CBT-I is effective in the treatment of daytime symptoms, albeit with predominantly small to moderate effects compared to far stronger effects on the core symptoms of insomnia. Effects may be biased for depressive and anxiety symptoms, since many included studies excluded patients with severe levels of these complaints. Further, small to moderate effects may reflect that CBT-I, by improving nighttime symptoms, has a positive effect on daytime symptoms, but it does not target the daytime symptoms directly. Future studies may benefit from adding therapeutic techniques that address daytime symptoms more directly.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“yet little research has investigated the effect of other sleep interventions on anxiety symptoms.”
From Do non-pharmacological sleep interventions affect anxiety symptoms? A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Benz et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, this meta-analysis comments that effects may be biased given many studies excluded participants with severe levels of anxiety.”
From Do non-pharmacological sleep interventions affect anxiety symptoms? A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Benz et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In patients with insomnia without psychiatric comorbidity, CBT-I is highly effective for the improvement of self-rated insomnia severity and several other sleep parameters like for example sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset [9], including daytime symptoms [10].”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2385 · Cited by 8,269 · cited 1×
“Analyses (PRISMA-NMA) guidelines (Hutton et al., 2015) which is an extension of the original PRISMA guidelines (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, & The PRISMA Group, 2009) specialized for reporting systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses.”
MethodEpidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011 · Cited by 2,779 · cited 1×
“, 2014) as well as psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety disorders (Baglioni et al., 2011; Hertenstein et al., 2019).”
BackgroundGraphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA
Chaimani, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Mavridis, D., Spyridonos, P., & Salanti, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076654 · Cited by 2,473
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023
Riemann, D., Espie, C. A., Altena, E., Arnardottir, E. S., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C. L. A., Bastien, C., Berzina, N., Bjorvatn, B., Dikeos, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14035 · Cited by 834
“…on sleep-related outcomes, CBT-I also has positive effects on associated subclinical depressive symptoms, anxiety, daytime sleepiness and fatigue (Benz et al., 2020), dysfunctional cognitions related to sleep (Thakral et al., 2020), worry (Ballesio et al., 2021), and quality of life (Alimoradi…”
BackgroundHertenstein, E., Trinca, E., Wunderlin, M., Schneider, C. L., Züst, M. A., Fehér, K. D., Su, T., Straten, A. V., Berger, T., Baglioni, C., et al. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101597 · Cited by 391
Self-citationInsomnia disorder: State of the science and challenges for the future
Riemann, D. W., Benz, F., Dressle, R. J., Espie, C. A., Johann, A. F., Blanken, T. F., Leerssen, J., Wassing, R., Henry, A. L., Kyle, S. D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13604 · Cited by 398
“There is a strong probability that adequate insomnia treatment will reduce the incidence and recurrence of depressive episodes and anxiety disorders (Benz et al., 2020; Cheng et al., 2019; Irwin et al., 2022; Leerssen et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMarx, W., Manger, S., Blencowe, M., Murray, G., Ho, F. Y., Lawn, S., Blumenthal, J. A., Schuch, F. B., Stubbs, B., Ruusunen, A. A., et al. (2022) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2022.2112074 · Cited by 200
“Three recent systematic reviews have investigated the antidepressant effects of CBT-I amongst people diagnosed with insomnia and subsyndromal depressive symptoms (Ballesio et al. 2018; Benz et al. 2020; Ho et al. 2020).”
BackgroundThe sleep–circadian interface: A window into mental disorders
Meyer, N., Lok, R., Schmidt, C., Kyle, S. D., McClung, C. A., Cajochen, C., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Jones, M. W., & Chellappa, S. L. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2214756121 · Cited by 190
Metadata
- Authors
- Benz, F., Knoop, T., Ballesio, A., Bacaro, V., Johann, A. F., Rücker, G., Feige, B., Riemann, D., & Baglioni, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Marconi University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Benz, Fee
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 101873
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3033016172
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01KG1703)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, daytime symptoms, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, daytime functioning, social functioning, self-help intervention, group therapy, individual psychotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Cognition, Depression, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
