The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The efficacy of cognitive and behavior therapies for insomnia on daytime symptoms: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Insomnia disorder, defined by nocturnal and daytime symptoms, is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with the onset of mental illness. Although daytime symptoms are often the reason insomnia patients seek help, it is not clear whether recommended treatment is effective on daytime symptoms. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive and behavior therapies for insomnia (CBT-I) on all daytime symptoms explored in the literature using both direct and indirect data. 86 studies (15,578 participants) met inclusion criteria. Results showed significant effects of CBT-I administered face-to-face individually, in group and different self-help settings on depressive symptoms, anxiety, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, quality of life, daytime and social functioning and mental state, with Cohen's d's ranging from -0.52 and 0.81. Our results suggest that CBT-I is effective in the treatment of daytime symptoms, albeit with predominantly small to moderate effects compared to far stronger effects on the core symptoms of insomnia. Effects may be biased for depressive and anxiety symptoms, since many included studies excluded patients with severe levels of these complaints. Further, small to moderate effects may reflect that CBT-I, by improving nighttime symptoms, has a positive effect on daytime symptoms, but it does not target the daytime symptoms directly. Future studies may benefit from adding therapeutic techniques that address daytime symptoms more directly.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“yet little research has investigated the effect of other sleep interventions on anxiety symptoms.”
From Do non-pharmacological sleep interventions affect anxiety symptoms? A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Benz et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Additionally, this meta-analysis comments that effects may be biased given many studies excluded participants with severe levels of anxiety.”
From Do non-pharmacological sleep interventions affect anxiety symptoms? A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Benz et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In patients with insomnia without psychiatric comorbidity, CBT-I is highly effective for the improvement of self-rated insomnia severity and several other sleep parameters like for example sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset [9], including daytime symptoms [10].”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,893
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2385 · Cited by 8,269 · cited 1×
“Analyses (PRISMA-NMA) guidelines (Hutton et al., 2015) which is an extension of the original PRISMA guidelines (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, & The PRISMA Group, 2009) specialized for reporting systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses.”
MethodEpidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011 · Cited by 2,779 · cited 1×
“, 2014) as well as psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety disorders (Baglioni et al., 2011; Hertenstein et al., 2019).”
BackgroundGraphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA
Chaimani, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Mavridis, D., Spyridonos, P., & Salanti, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076654 · Cited by 2,473
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023
Riemann, D., Espie, C. A., Altena, E., Arnardottir, E. S., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C. L. A., Bastien, C., Berzina, N., Bjorvatn, B., Dikeos, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14035 · Cited by 834
“…on sleep-related outcomes, CBT-I also has positive effects on associated subclinical depressive symptoms, anxiety, daytime sleepiness and fatigue (Benz et al., 2020), dysfunctional cognitions related to sleep (Thakral et al., 2020), worry (Ballesio et al., 2021), and quality of life (Alimoradi…”
BackgroundHertenstein, E., Trinca, E., Wunderlin, M., Schneider, C. L., Züst, M. A., Fehér, K. D., Su, T., Straten, A. V., Berger, T., Baglioni, C., et al. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101597 · Cited by 391
Self-citationInsomnia disorder: State of the science and challenges for the future
Riemann, D. W., Benz, F., Dressle, R. J., Espie, C. A., Johann, A. F., Blanken, T. F., Leerssen, J., Wassing, R., Henry, A. L., Kyle, S. D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13604 · Cited by 398
“There is a strong probability that adequate insomnia treatment will reduce the incidence and recurrence of depressive episodes and anxiety disorders (Benz et al., 2020; Cheng et al., 2019; Irwin et al., 2022; Leerssen et al., 2021).”
BackgroundMarx, W., Manger, S., Blencowe, M., Murray, G., Ho, F. Y., Lawn, S., Blumenthal, J. A., Schuch, F. B., Stubbs, B., Ruusunen, A. A., et al. (2022) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2022.2112074 · Cited by 200
“Three recent systematic reviews have investigated the antidepressant effects of CBT-I amongst people diagnosed with insomnia and subsyndromal depressive symptoms (Ballesio et al. 2018; Benz et al. 2020; Ho et al. 2020).”
BackgroundThe sleep–circadian interface: A window into mental disorders
Meyer, N., Lok, R., Schmidt, C., Kyle, S. D., McClung, C. A., Cajochen, C., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Jones, M. W., & Chellappa, S. L. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2214756121 · Cited by 190
Morin, C. M., & Buysse, D. J. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp2305655 · Cited by 177
Non-pharmacological Approaches for Management of Insomnia
Chan, N. Y., Chan, J. W. Y., Li, S. X., & Wing, Y. K. (2021) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-021-01029-2 · Cited by 125
“Moreover, the positive improvements in sleep-related variables also resulted in beneficial effects on daytime symptoms including mood, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and overall quality of life with small to medium effect sizes, while physical functioning showed no significant improvement [53].”
BackgroundBallesio, A., Bacaro, V., Vacca, M., Chirico, A., Lucidi, F., Riemann, D., Baglioni, C., & Lombardo, C. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101378 · Cited by 87
Kyle, S. D., Siriwardena, A. N., Espie, C. A., Yang, Y., Petrou, S., Ogburn, E., Begum, N., Maurer, L., Robinson, B., Gardner, C., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00683-9 · Cited by 87
Redeker, N. S., Yaggi, H. K., Jacoby, D. L., Hollenbeak, C. S., Breazeale, S., Conley, S., Hwang, Y., Iennaco, J. D., Linsky, S., Nwanaji-Enwerem, U., et al. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab252 · Cited by 86
Disturbed Sleep in PTSD: Thinking Beyond Nightmares
Lancel, M., van Marle, H. J. F., van Veen, M., & van Schagen, A. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.767760 · Cited by 90
A meta-analysis on sleep quality in inflammatory bowel disease
Ballesio, A., Zagaria, A., Baccini, F., Micheli, F., Nardo, G. D., & Lombardo, C. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101518 · Cited by 70
Ahmadi, R., Rahimi, S., Olfati, M., Javaheripour, N., Emamian, F., Ghadami, M. R., Khazaie, H., Knight, D. C., Tahmasian, M., & Sepehry, A. A. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104850 · Cited by 71
Towards the neurobiology of insomnia: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies
Aquino, G., Benz, F., Dressle, R. J., Gemignani, A., Alfì, G., Palagini, L., Spiegelhalder, K., Riemann, D. W., & Feige, B. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101878 · Cited by 63
Response to Placebo in Fragile X Syndrome Clinical Trials: An Initial Analysis
Luu, S., Province, H. S., Berry‐Kravis, E., Hagerman, R. J., Hessl, D. R., Vaidya, D. M., Lozano, R., Rosselot, H., Erickson, C. A., Kaufmann, W. E., et al. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10090629 · Cited by 41
“Meta-analyses were performed using the R “meta” package [36,37], while other statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 25 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).”
MethodSchuffelen, J., Maurer, L., Lorenz, N., Rötger, A., Pietrowsky, R., & Gieselmann, A. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad184 · Cited by 41
“While effects on daytime sleepiness are typically expected in the small range [71], effects on quality of life are mixed and seem to be depending on the presence of comorbid conditions (i.e. smaller effects for patients with insomnia and a comorbid disorder) and the choice of quality of life…”
BackgroundNetwork meta-analysis examining efficacy of components of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
Steinmetz, L., Simon, L., Feige, B., Riemann, D. W., Johann, A. F., Ell, J., Ebert, D. D., Baumeister, H., Benz, F., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102507 · Cited by 48
Do non-pharmacological sleep interventions affect anxiety symptoms? A meta-analysis
Staines, A. C., Broomfield, N., Pass, L., Orchard, F., & Bridges, J. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13451 · Cited by 43
“Sleep, 30(3), 274– 280. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/ 30.3.274 Morris, J., Firkins, A., Millings, A., Mohr, C., Redford, P., & Rowe, A. (2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialTakano, Y., Ibata, R., Machida, N., Ubara, A., & Okajima, I. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101839 · Cited by 38
Zhang, T., Ren, Z., Wakefield, C. E., Hui, B. P. H., Akechi, T., Shi, C., Du, X., Chen, W., Lai, L., Zhao, C., et al. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102520 · Cited by 44
Palagini, L., Manni, R., Liguori, C., Gennaro, L. D., Gemignani, A., Fanfulla, F., Ferri, R., Nobili, L., & Ferini‐Strambi, L. (2023) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-023-12112-3 · Cited by 34
Inflammatory hypotheses of sleep disturbance - depression link: Update and research agenda
Ballesio, A. (2023) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100647 · Cited by 35
Ell, J., Brückner, H. A., Johann, A. F., Steinmetz, L., Güth, L. J., Feige, B., Järnefelt, H., Vallières, A., Frase, L., Domschke, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14193 · Cited by 27
Psychological treatments for excessive gaming: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kim, J., Lee, S., Lee, D., Shim, S. R., Balva, D., Choi, K., Chey, J., Shin, S.-H., & Ahn, W. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24523-9 · Cited by 34
Tadros, M., Newby, J. M., Li, S., & Werner‐Seidler, A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0317125 · Cited by 36
Vitiello, M. V., Zhu, W., Korff, M. V., Wellman, R., Morin, C. M., Yeung, K., & McCurry, S. M. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab231 · Cited by 27
“Tang et al.3 in their systematic review and meta-analysis examining nonpharmacological treatements of insomnia in patients with chronic pain conditions reported that, “nonpharmacological sleep treatments in chronic pain patients were associated with a large improvement in sleep quality,… small reduction in pain,… and…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKjørstad, K., Sivertsen, B., Vedaa, Ø., Langsrud, K., Vethe, D., Faaland, P. M., Vestergaard, C. L., Lydersen, S., Smith, O. R. F., Scott, J. L., et al. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104083 · Cited by 23
Effect of Psychological and Medication Therapies for Insomnia on Daytime Functions
Morin, C. M., Chen, S., Ivers, H., Beaulieu‐Bonneau, S., Krystal, A. D., Guay, B., Bélanger, L., Cartwright, A., Simmons, B., Lamy, M., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49638 · Cited by 20
Use of Daridorexant among Patients with Chronic Insomnia: A Retrospective Observational Analysis
Williams, S. G., & Rodriguez-Cué, D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12093240 · Cited by 19
Sleep, insomnia and anxiety–Bidirectional mechanisms and chances for intervention
Riemann, D. W. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101584 · Cited by 19
Benham, G. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3055 · Cited by 19
Symptom Cluster Profiles Among Adults with Insomnia and Heart Failure
Conley, S., Jeon, S., Breazeale, S., O’Connell, M., Hollenbeak, C. S., Jacoby, D. L., Linsky, S., Yaggi, H. K., & Redeker, N. S. (2022) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2022.2060226 · Cited by 18
“…on individual daytime symptoms of fatigue, depressive symptoms, and daytime sleepiness as reported in a recent systematic review and meta-analysis (Benz et al., 2020) and our previous preliminary efficacy study and the study from which the current data were drawn (Redeker et al., 2015, 2022).”
MethodResultPeersmann, S. H. M., Grootenhuis, M. A., van Straten, A., Tissing, W. J. E., Abbink, F. C. H., de Vries, A. C. H., Loonen, J. J., van der Pal, H. J. H., Kaspers, G. J. L., & van Litsenburg, R. R. L. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14143316 · Cited by 16
“However, previous research has found that CBT-i is not as effective for the treatment of daytime symptoms [62], so adding fatigue management to insomnia treatment can also potentially optimize treatment outcomes.”
MethodAmpofo, J., Sun, B., Bentum-Micah, G., Li, Q., Changfeng, W., Guo-an, L., & Xusheng, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2025.1537997 · Cited by 29
Network analysis to estimate central insomnia symptoms among daytime workers at-risk for insomnia
Takano, Y., Ibata, R., Nakano, N., & Sakano, Y. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43802-7 · Cited by 15
“A meta-analysis of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia found that it moderately improved worry and difficulty staying asleep 24,25 .”
Tse, K. Y. K., Maurer, L. F., Espie, C. A., & Kyle, S. D. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14180 · Cited by 12
The Future of Insomnia Research—There's Still Work to Be Done
Dressle, R. J., Spiegelhalder, K., Schiel, J. E., Benz, F., Johann, A. F., Feige, B., Jernelöv, S., Perlis, M. L., & Riemann, D. W. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70091 · Cited by 14
“It has been convincingly demonstrated that CBT-I has positive effects on secondary outcomes that are related to psycho-pathology in general (e.g., depression or anxiety symptoms; Benz et al. 2020).”
Andersen, S. G., Sæterhagen, H., Pacheco, A. P., Pripp, A. H., Hrubos‐Strøm, H., Papageorgiou, C., Munkhaugen, J., & Dammen, T. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.11656 · Cited by 13
“19,23 There is also some evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-I in the treatment of comorbid insomnia in general.”
Jacoby, R. J., Brown, M. L., Wieman, S. T., Rosenfield, D., Hoeppner, S. S., Bui, É., Hoge, E. A., Khalsa, S. B. S., Hofmann, S. G., & Simon, N. M. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13992 · Cited by 14
“…associated with a wide range of impairments (Bélanger et al., 2004; Brenes et al., 2009; Glidewell et al., 2015), including impaired concentration and memory, decreased occupational functioning, increased absenteeism, and increased use of medical services (Benz et al., 2020; Harvey et al., 2009).”
BackgroundFatigue in critical care survivors: multidisciplinary and self‐management strategies
Hosey, M. M., Needham, D. M., & Kudchadkar, S. R. (2021) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15474 · Cited by 12
“insomnia has been associated with reductions in fatigue, increased sleep efficiency and reduced anxiety and depression in patients with cancer, multiple sclerosis, stroke and epilepsy [14].”
BackgroundDo Insomnia Treatments Improve Daytime Function?
Watson, N. F., Bertisch, S. M., Morin, C. M., Pelayo, R., Winkelman, J. W., Zee, P. C., & Krystal, A. D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12093089 · Cited by 12
“An additional meta-analysis of 86 studies was conducted in 2020, and concluded that CBT-I, by improving nighttime symptoms, has a small but positive effect on daytime symptoms, but does not target the daytime symptoms directly [20].”
BackgroundPrevalence, Impact, and Trajectories of Sleep Disturbance in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Tighe, C. A., Buysse, D. J., Weiner, D. K., Beehler, G. P., & Forman, D. E. (2022) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000694 · Cited by 11
Fernández‐Castilla, B., & Noortgate, W. V. D. (2022) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-022-01905-5 · Cited by 11
Kragh, M., Dyrberg, H., Kristiansen, S. T., Speed, M. S., Pedersen, P., & Martiny, K. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70088 · Cited by 9
“The meta-analysis concluded that future studies may benefit from incorporating therapeutic techniques that more directly address daytime symptoms (Benz et al. 2020).”
Reesen, J. E., van der Zweerde, T., Batelaan, N. M., Fris, E., Hoogendoorn, A. W., Ikelaar, S. L. C., Lakbila‐Kamal, O., Lancee, J., Leerssen, J., van Marle, H. J. F., et al. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107122 · Cited by 9
Wu, F., Li, X., Guo, Y., Yan, L.-Z., He, R.-J., & Xu, Y. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116236 · Cited by 9
Leitlinie „Insomnie bei Erwachsenen“ – Update 2025 (AWMF-Registernummer 063-003)
Spiegelhalder, K., Baum, E., Becker, M., Cornaro, C., Crönlein, T., Frase, L., Harth, V., Hertenstein, E., Johann, A. F., Mertel, I., et al. (2025) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-025-00530-6 · Cited by 12
Simon, L., Terhorst, Y., Cohrdes, C., Pryss, R. C., Steinmetz, L., Elhai, J. D., & Baumeister, H. (2024) · Sleep Medicine X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2024.100114 · Cited by 9
“Insomnia disorder is associated with a substantial personal [2,3] and societal burden [4,5].”
BackgroundTelephone-Guided Sleep Restriction for Insomnia: A Randomized Sleep Diary-Controlled Trial
Looman, M. I., Blanken, T. F., Schoenmakers, T. M., Reesen, J. E., Effting, M., Linnebank, F. E., van Straten, A., Kamphuis, J. H., & Lancee, J. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000545138 · Cited by 8
Huang, Y., Tang, I., Chin, W., Jang, L., Lee, C., Lin, C., Yang, C., & Cho, S.-L. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s346941 · Cited by 8
“have a positive effect on daytime symptoms indirectly.(46) Similarly, the SR-sleep-device group in this study has a significant effect on the level of daytime sleepiness, which means that the SR may improve insomnia patients’ daytime quality of life (such as energy/fatigue, bodily pain, and mental health).”
BackgroundKlumpp, H., Chang, F., Bauer, B. W., & Burgess, H. J. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13020288 · Cited by 8
Miller‐Mendes, M., Castilho, P., Clara, M. I., Clemente, V., & Gomes, A. A. (2023) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2023.101013 · Cited by 11
Ramfjord, L. S., Faaland, P. M., Scott, J. L., Saksvik, S. B., Lydersen, S., Vedaa, Ø., Kahn, N., Langsrud, K., Stiles, T. C., Ritterband, L. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13888 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, although CBT-I does not target daytime fatigue directly, several studies demonstrate improvements in fatigue following this intervention (Benz et al., 2020; Vedaa et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialDaytime sleepiness in insomnia: Are we focusing on what truly matters?
Marques, D. R., Gomes, A. A., & de Azevedo, M. H. P. (2024) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2024.2378025 · Cited by 7
“In a meta-analysis by Benz et al. (2020), it was observed that CBT-I approaches (individual, group, and internet self-help treatment formats) have evidence of efficacy on daytime symptoms.”
Kyle, S. D., Bower, P., Yu, L., Siriwardena, A. N., Yang, Y., Petrou, S., Ogburn, E., Begum, N., Maurer, L., Robinson, B., et al. (2024) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/rjyt4275 · Cited by 11
Zagaria, A., & Ballesio, A. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.09.020 · Cited by 11
Subtyping at‐risk adolescents for predicting response toward insomnia prevention program
Chen, S., Li, S. X., Zhang, J., Lam, S. P., Chan, J. W. Y., Chan, K. C. C., Li, A. M., Morin, C. M., Wing, Y. K., & Chan, N. Y. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13904 · Cited by 6
Ock, C.-M., Lee, H., Chae, J., & Kim, H. (2025) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2024.0358 · Cited by 6
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for poststroke insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Shi, R., Meng, W., Liu, Z., Chang, L., Lu, R., Chen, X., Xue, W., & Deng, Y. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081642 · Cited by 6
“30 31 Nevertheless, the therapeutic approach’s technical adapt-ability may diverge contingent on the educational attainment of the recipient, potentially influencing treatment efficacy.”
BackgroundBallesio, A., Musetti, A., Zagaria, A., Manari, T., Filosa, M., & Franceschini, C. (2021) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2021.100019 · Cited by 6
Hypnotic Medications as an Adjunct Treatment to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Barkopoulos, P., & Cho, H. J. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.10.004 · Cited by 7
Maurer, L., Aust, F., & Lorenz, N. (2023) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-023-00422-7 · Cited by 6
Redefining insomnia: from neural dysregulation to personalized therapeutics
Arias-Carrión, Ó. (2025) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2025.2564709 · Cited by 5
“This discrepancy may be partly due to the use of general health measures not explicitly designed to capture insomnia-related daytime dysfunction [193,194].”
Fiori, V., Lombardo, C., & Ballesio, A. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.108735 · Cited by 6
Chan, K. L., Pau, N. H. Y., Poon, S. F. O., Lam, B. L. H., Lam, C. B., & Chan, K. K. S. (2025) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.70047 · Cited by 5
“Finally, the intervention may help alleviate sleep-related impairments in social interactions and relationships (Benz et al., 2020).”
Trinca, E., Hertenstein, E., Wunderlin, M., Schneider, C. L., Züst, M. A., Fehér, K. D., Su, T., van Straten, A., Berger, T., Riemann, D. W., et al. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.311 · Cited by 5
Sleep and Daily Positive Emotions – Is Heart Rate Variability a Mediator?
Ballesio, A., Zagaria, A., Salaris, A., Terrasi, M., Lombardo, C., & Ottaviani, C. (2022) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000315 · Cited by 5
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Insomnie
Weinhold, S. L., & Göder, R. (2022) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-022-00341-z · Cited by 5
Vallim, J. R. D. S., Pires, G. N., Bonaldi, R. R., Zanini, M. A., Soster, L. A., Garbuio, S. A., & Sousa, K. M. M. (2023) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2023.100061 · Cited by 5
Mindfulness and Insomnia Disorder
Baglioni, C. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch17 · Cited by 5
Efficacy of Multicomponent CBT‐I and Its Single Components
Maurer, L., & Kyle, S. D. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119891192.ch3 · Cited by 7
Maurer, L., Aust, F., & Lorenz, N. (2025) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-025-00502-w · Cited by 4
Sit, H. F., Cheung, F. T. W., Li, X., Chan, N., Chan, J. W. Y., Wing, Y. K., & Li, S. X. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100619 · Cited by 4
“Meanwhile, CBT-I has also been suggested as a promising intervention for improving fatigue among individuals with insomnia disorder (Benz et al., 2020).”
Pitfalls of insomnia management in the elderly: A narrative review
Rollo, E., Antonioni, A., & Lorenzo, F. D. (2026) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-025-08621-w · Cited by 4
Ewart, C., Egan, K. J., Henderson, M., McCrory, S., & Fleming, L. (2025) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2025.2529856 · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, CBT-I has been shown to improve markers of mental health including anxiety and depression (Benz et al., 2020; Hertenstein et al., 2022).”
Jernelöv, S., & Blom, K. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70164 · Cited by 4
“While interventions like CBT-I produce robust and long-term effects on subjective sleep complaints and sleep parameters (Furukawa, Sakata, Furukawa, et al. 2024), their impact on daytime functioning tends to be smaller and more variable (Benz et al. 2020).”
InfluentialManagement of Sleep and Fatigue in Gastrointestinal Patients
Salwen‐Deremer, J. K., & Sun, M. (2022) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2022.07.007 · Cited by 4
Sleep Deficiency and Fatigue in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Conley, S., Hwang, Y., Al-Saleh, S. A., Kamp, K., Cahalan, A., & Redeker, N. S. (2025) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939459251314941 · Cited by 4
“39,40 CBT-I is feasible and acceptable in people with IBD, 41 and a brief behavioral intervention based on CBT-I improves sleep quality and fatigue severity from baseline.”
Circadian and Sleep Modulation of Dreaming in Women with Major Depression
Birchler-Pedross, A., Frey, S., Cajochen, C., & Chellappa, S. L. (2022) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep4010012 · Cited by 4
“Meta-analyses show that insomnia symptoms can double the odds of developing depression [5,6], while cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia can lower rates of depression recurrence [7,8].”
BackgroundMoulder, Z., Sweetman, A., Lovato, N., Micic, G., Lack, L. C., & Scott, H. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14142 · Cited by 6
“There are several individual components of CBTi, including sleep restriction, cognitive therapy, stimulus control therapy, sleep hygiene and psychoeducation, and relaxation (Benz et al., 2020).”
Jun, J., Park, C. G., Fritschi, C., Izci‐Balserak, B., Martyn-Nemeth, P. A., Kuna, S. T., & Kapella, M. C. (2023) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.11.001 · Cited by 3
Conley, S., Jeon, S., Wang, Z., Tocchi, C., Linsky, S., O’Connell, M., & Redeker, N. S. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14058 · Cited by 3
“Our results are consistent with a recent systematic review and meta-analysis that revealed that CBT-I improves individual daytime symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness in people with insomnia with and without medical conditions (Benz et al., 2020).”
Zhang, G., Wang, S., Ma, P., & Pan, J. (2024) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2311200 · Cited by 4
Khorzoghi, M. B., & Sajjadian, P. S. (2022) · Salmand · doi:10.32598/sija.2021.2111.3 · Cited by 3
Redeker, N. S. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101632 · Cited by 3
Dhaliwal, S. S., & Gehrman, P. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad192 · Cited by 3
Chen, S., Ivers, H., Dang‐Vu, T. T., Shapiro, C. M., Carney, C. E., Robillard, R., & Morin, C. M. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06878-1 · Cited by 2
“These patients often show elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms, increased worry about falling asleep and greater distress about daytime functioning (e.g., fatigue) [27, 33–35], which can be effectively addressed by CBT-I intervention [36, 37].”
Jiayuan, Z., Xiaoxi, L., Chen, D., & Yuqiu, Z. (2025) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2025.104476 · Cited by 3
Lin, C., Cheng, C., Xia, Y., Wang, R., Zhang, L., Han, L., Hai, D., Dai, C., Dai, T.-E., Cao, L., et al. (2025) · Sleep Medicine: X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2025.100157 · Cited by 2
“In patients with insomnia without psychiatric co-morbidities, CBT-I has demonstrated significant efficacy in improving subjective insomnia severity, shortening sleep latency, decreasing the time of awakening after sleep onset, and alleviating daytime symptoms [16 – 18].”
Insomnia – An outlook for the future
Riemann, D. W., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14061 · Cited by 2
“Moreover, we believe that it is likely that an early and adequate insomnia treatment reduces the incidence and recurrence of depressive episodes and anxiety disorders (Benz et al., 2020; Boland et al., 2023; Leerssen et al., 2021) .”
BackgroundShi, Y., Ren, R., Zhang, Y., Vitiello, M. V., & Tang, X. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14077 · Cited by 2
“The durability of D-CBT-I suggests that the patients exhibit sustained clinical gains after the formal six or eight intervention is discontinued (Benz et al., 2020).”
Hartley, S., Dagneaux, S., Palethorpe, C., Londe, V., Liane, M.-T., Decalf, L., Aussert, F., Francs, C. C. D., Leymarie, R., & Royant‐Parola, S. (2025) · Médecine du Sommeil · doi:10.1016/j.msom.2025.02.001 · Cited by 2
Faccini, J., Bayard, S., Madiouni, C., & Del-Monte, J. (2025) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2025.2479693 · Cited by 3
“On the other hand, a meta-analysis 11 revealed that cognitive-behavioral sleep therapy is more effective in treating nocturnal symptoms than daily ones.”
Murri, M. B., Garza, C. K., Grassi, L. G., & Muskin, P. R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_113 · Cited by 1
Sochal, M., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., & Ell, J. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14093206 · Cited by 1
“Because of this, the following actigraphy-derived PA parameters (continuous variables) were calculated for each day: average PA as well as minutes of >10 mg PA (see [14]) one and two hours before and one and two hours after time in bed (TIB).”
Zhao, C., Chen, X., Zhang, A., Huo, N., Yu, S., Lai, L., & Liu, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1535349 · Cited by 1
Faccini, J., Joshi, V., & Jonathan, D.-M. (2025) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152625 · Cited by 1
Rauwerda, N. L., Kuut, T. A., Braamse, A. M. J., Nieuwkerk, P. T., Boss, H., Knoop, H., & van Straten, A. (2025) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465825100945 · Cited by 1
“CBT-F can lead to improvements in subjective sleep quality in patients with ME/CFS (Russell et al ., 2017) and CBT-I to moderate improvements in fatigue (Benz et al ., 2020).”
Perseverative Thinking in Depression and Insomnia
Ballesio, A., Zagaria, A., & Goldschmied, J. (2025) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92265-7_3 · Cited by 1
Lai, Y., Chen, D., Tian, C., Huang, Y., Gan, D., Liu, L., & Yang, J. (2025) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s553524 · Cited by 1
“10,11 However, their efficacy is often limited in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), owing to the complex and intertwined nature of the comorbid symptomatology.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Benz, F., Knoop, T., Ballesio, A., Bacaro, V., Johann, A. F., Rücker, G., Feige, B., Riemann, D., & Baglioni, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Marconi University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Benz, Fee
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 101873
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3033016172
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01KG1703)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, daytime symptoms, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, daytime functioning, social functioning, self-help intervention, group therapy, individual psychotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Cognition, Depression, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
