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The efficacy of cognitive and behavior therapies for insomnia on daytime symptoms: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Insomnia disorder, defined by nocturnal and daytime symptoms, is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with the onset of mental illness. Although daytime symptoms are often the reason insomnia patients seek help, it is not clear whether recommended treatment is effective on daytime symptoms. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive and behavior therapies for insomnia (CBT-I) on all daytime symptoms explored in the literature using both direct and indirect data. 86 studies (15,578 participants) met inclusion criteria. Results showed significant effects of CBT-I administered face-to-face individually, in group and different self-help settings on depressive symptoms, anxiety, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, quality of life, daytime and social functioning and mental state, with Cohen's d's ranging from -0.52 and 0.81. Our results suggest that CBT-I is effective in the treatment of daytime symptoms, albeit with predominantly small to moderate effects compared to far stronger effects on the core symptoms of insomnia. Effects may be biased for depressive and anxiety symptoms, since many included studies excluded patients with severe levels of these complaints. Further, small to moderate effects may reflect that CBT-I, by improving nighttime symptoms, has a positive effect on daytime symptoms, but it does not target the daytime symptoms directly. Future studies may benefit from adding therapeutic techniques that address daytime symptoms more directly.
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“yet little research has investigated the effect of other sleep interventions on anxiety symptoms.”
From Do non-pharmacological sleep interventions affect anxiety symptoms? A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Benz et al., 2020
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“Additionally, this meta-analysis comments that effects may be biased given many studies excluded participants with severe levels of anxiety.”
From Do non-pharmacological sleep interventions affect anxiety symptoms? A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Benz et al., 2020
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“In patients with insomnia without psychiatric comorbidity, CBT-I is highly effective for the improvement of self-rated insomnia severity and several other sleep parameters like for example sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset [9], including daytime symptoms [10].”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023
Riemann, D., Espie, C. A., Altena, E., Arnardottir, E. S., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C. L. A., Bastien, C., Berzina, N., Bjorvatn, B., Dikeos, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14035 · Cited by 834
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Metadata
- Authors
- Benz, F., Knoop, T., Ballesio, A., Bacaro, V., Johann, A. F., Rücker, G., Feige, B., Riemann, D., & Baglioni, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Marconi University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Benz, Fee
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 101873
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3033016172
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01KG1703)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, daytime symptoms, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, daytime functioning, social functioning, self-help intervention, group therapy, individual psychotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Cognition, Depression, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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