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Cathepsin D--many functions of one aspartic protease

Benes, Petr, Vetvicka, Vaclav, Fusek, Martin·2008·Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
DOI 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.02.008
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Abstract

For years, it has been held that cathepsin D (CD) is involved in rather non-specific protein degradation in a strongly acidic milieu of lysosomes. Studies with CD knock-out mice revealed that CD is not necessary for embryonal development, but it is indispensable for postnatal tissue homeostasis. Mutation that abolishes CD enzymatic activity causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) characterized by severe neurodegeneration, developmental regression, visual loss and epilepsy in both animals and humans. In the last decade, however, an increasing number of studies demonstrated that enzymatic function of CD is not restricted solely to acidic milieu of lysosomes with important consequences in regulation of apoptosis. In addition to CD enzymatic activity, it has been shown that apoptosis is also regulated by catalytically inactive mutants of CD which suggests that CD interacts with other important molecules and influences cell signaling. Moreover, procathepsin D (pCD), secreted from cancer cells, acts as a mitogen on both cancer and stromal cells and stimulates their pro-invasive and pro-metastatic properties. Numerous studies found that pCD/CD level represents an independent prognostic factor in a variety of cancers and is therefore considered to be a potential target of anti-cancer therapy. Studies dealing with functions of cathepsin D are complicated by the fact that there are several simultaneous forms of CD in a cell-pCD, intermediate enzymatically active CD and mature heavy…

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  • An increase in pro-CTSD is a reliable indicator of impaired retromer-dependent trafficking and ultimately lysosomal dysfunction.

    “Thus, an increase in pro-CTSD is considered a reliable indicator of impaired retromer-dependent trafficking (Benes et al., 2008; Rojas et al., 2008; Han et al., 2021), and ultimately lysosomal dysfunction.”

    From The neuronal retromer can regulate both neuronal and microglial phenotypes of Alzheimer's disease (2022) · cites this paper as Benes et al., 2008

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Metadata

Authors
Benes, P., Vetvicka, V., & Fusek, M.
Venue
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-10
Volume
68
Issue
1
Pages
12-28
ISSN
1040-8428
DOI
10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.02.008
Cited by
572
References
8
Language
en
Licence

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