Gene expression and cellular content of cathepsin D in Alzheimer's disease brain: Evidence for early up-regulation of the endosomal-lysosomal system
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In Alzheimer's disease brains, more than 90% of pyramidal neurons in lamina V and 70% in lamina III displayed 2- to 5-fold elevated levels of cathepsin D (Cat D) mRNA by in situ hybridization compared with neurologically normal controls. Most of these cells appeared histologically normal. The less vulnerable nonpyramidal neuron population in lamina IV had relatively normal message levels. Neuronal populations expressing more Cat D mRNA also displayed quantitatively increased Cat D immunoreactive protein. Cat D mRNA expression was only moderately increased in astrocytes. Degenerating neurons exhibited intense immunoreactivity but lowered Cat D mRNA levels. The upregulation of Cat D synthesis and accumulation of hydrolase-laden lysosomes indicate an early activation of the endosomal-lysosomal system in vulnerable neuronal populations, possibly reflecting early regenerative or repair processes. These abnormalities also represent a basis for altered regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing.
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CTSD gene transcription in neurons is upregulated at early stages of AD and is accompanied by the accumulation of CTSD forms with decreased activity.
“CTSD gene transcription in neurons is upregulated at early stages of AD (Cataldo et al., 1995) and is accompanied by the accumulation of CTSD forms with decreased activity (P.S.M. and R.A.N., manuscript in preparation).”
From Lysosomal Dysfunction in Down Syndrome Is APP-Dependent and Mediated by APP-βCTF (C99) (2019) · cites this paper as Cataldo et al., 1995
The lysosomal system is upregulated in vulnerable cell populations in AD brains.
“Supporting this hypothesis, the lysosomal system is upregulated in vulnerable cell populations in AD brains [88].”
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- Authors
- Cataldo, A. M., Barnett, J. L., Berman, S. A., Li, J., Quarless, S., Bursztajn, S., Lippa, C., & Nixon, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 671-680
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988022242
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 8.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r35ag010916-08, 5r01ag008278-11)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 08278, AG 10916, P50AG005134, AG 05134)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- cathepsin D, Alzheimer's disease, endosomal-lysosomal system, lysosomes, pyramidal neurons, lamina V, lamina III, lamina IV, non-pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, neurodegeneration, APP processing, gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cathepsin D, Humans, Hydrolases, Lysosomes, Middle Aged, Nerve Degeneration, Neurons, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Endosomes, Reference Values, RNA, Messenger, Blotting, Northern, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Prefrontal Cortex, In Situ Hybridization
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