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Excessive use of disinfectants against COVID-19 posing a potential threat to living beings
Open accessAbstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city of China in late December 2019 and identified as a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On January 30, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a global public health emergency. The rapid spread of the pathogen across the communities shock the entire population. As no existing therapy were available during the pandemic. Health professionals recommended frequent washing of hands with soap and alcohol-based sanitizers. Disinfectants were extensively sprayed to minimize the possibility of getting COVID-19. Despite the potential benefits of these germicidal agents against COVID-19. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers lead to dry skin, infection, and alcohol poisoning. Children are considered more prone to alcohol poisoning and other major health concern. Precautionary measures should be ensured to protect the community from the possible risk associated with disinfectants.
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“The phenomenon of cross-resistance between disinfectants and antimicrobials has been reported for several disinfectants and is associated with a further increase in AMR during the pandemic period [5, 10, 11].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“In addition, they have shown high environmental impact and the capacity to favor the selection of disinfectant- and drug-tolerant/resistant strains [5].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Consistent with this, during the COVID-19 pandemic, when chemical disinfection was significantly increased in both sanitary and non-sanitary settings, a significant increase in AMR was recorded [5, 10, 11, 21].”
From Profiling the resistome and virulome of Bacillus strains used for probiotic-based sanitation: a multicenter WGS analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ghafoor, D., Khan, Z., Khan, A., Ualiyeva, D., & Zaman, N.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Lanzhou University (CN)
- University of Swat (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Khan, Zafran
- Venue
- Current Research in Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 2
- Pages
- 159-168
- ISSN
- 2666-027X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7931675
- OpenAlex
- W3135563563
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 24
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Research in Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, disinfectants, alcohol-based hand rub, alcohol poisoning, dry skin, children, occupational exposure, environmental health risk
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