The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Carbonic Anhydrase and CO2 Sensing during Cryptococcus neoformans Growth, Differentiation, and Virulence
Open accessAbstract
The gas carbon dioxide (CO2) plays a critical role in microbial and mammalian respiration, photosynthesis in algae and plants, chemoreception in insects, and even global warming . However, how CO2 is transported, sensed, and metabolized by microorganisms is largely not understood. For instance, CO2 is known to induce production of polysaccharide capsule virulence determinants in pathogenic bacteria and fungi via unknown mechanisms . Therefore, we studied CO2 actions in growth, differentiation, and virulence of the basidiomycetous human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. The CAN2 gene encoding beta-carbonic anhydrase in C. neoformans was found to be essential for growth in environmental ambient conditions but dispensable for in vivo proliferation and virulence at the high CO2 levels in the host. The can2Delta mutant in vitro growth defect is largely attributable to defective fatty acid synthesis. CO2 was found to inhibit cell-cell fusion but not filamentation during sexual reproduction. The can2 mutation restored early mating events in high CO2 but not later steps (fruiting body formation, sporulation), indicating a major role for carbonic anhydrase and CO2/HCO3- in this developmental cascade leading to the production of infectious spores. Our studies illustrate diverse roles of an ancient enzyme class in enabling environmental survival of a ubiquitous human pathogen.
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“Fungi sense CO2 by generating bicarbonate ions28–30 or directly through the type 2C-related protein phosphatase Ptc231, with a single orthologue B9J08_003504 in C. auris32.”
From Candida auris skin tropism and antifungal resistance are mediated by carbonic anhydrase Nce103 (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“a CSP is well documented in other fungal species24,28,29,48,50”
From Candida auris skin tropism and antifungal resistance are mediated by carbonic anhydrase Nce103 (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
Citations
Cites
Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase as an Evolutionarily Conserved Bicarbonate Sensor
Chen, Y., Cann, M. J., Litvin, T. N., Iourgenko, V., Sinclair, M. L., Levin, L. R., & Buck, J. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5479.625 · Cited by 846
CO2 concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria: Molecular components, their diversity and evolution
Badger, M. R. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erg076 · Cited by 841
Fluorescence-Based Isolation of Bacterial Genes Expressed Within Host Cells
Valdivia, R. H., & Falkow, S. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5334.2007 · Cited by 590
Carbonic Anhydrase: New Insights for an Ancient Enzyme
Tripp, B. C., Smith, K. S., & Ferry, J. G. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r100045200 · Cited by 565
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Urease as a Virulence Factor in Experimental Cryptococcosis
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Self-citationFungal Adenylyl Cyclase Integrates CO2 Sensing with cAMP Signaling and Virulence
Klengel, T., Liang, W., Chaloupka, J., Ruoff, C., Schröppel, K., Naglik, J. R., Eckert, S. E., Mogensen, E. G., Haynes, K., Tuite, M. F., et al. (2005) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.040 · Cited by 409
Cryptococcus neoformans mating and virulence are regulated by the G-protein α subunit GPA1 and cAMPPreprint
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Self-citationDeciphering the Model Pathogenic Fungus Cryptococcus Neoformans
Idnurm, A., Bahn, Y., Nielsen, K., Lin, X., Fraser, J. A., & Heitman, J. (2005) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro1245 · Cited by 347
Self-citationMultiple Roles of Carbonic Anhydrase in Cellular Transport and Metabolism
Henry, R. P. (1996) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.002515 · Cited by 323
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Items 201–218 of 218
Bahn, Y., Choi, J.-T., Yu, S.-R., Oh, J., Jang, Y.-B., Lee, Y., Cha, H., Won, D., Kim, D., Yu, S., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9899291/v1
Self-citationYu, S.-R., Jang, Y.-B., Choi, J. T., & Bahn, Y. (2026) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2026.102802
Self-citationLi, Y., She, Y., Wang, T., Liu, Y., Wang, S., Hu, S., Liu, C. X., & Dang, Y. (2026) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof12080555
Paths to pathogenicity: exploring the diversity and evolution of Cryptococcus neoformans
Leinas, J. T., Ruzic, M., & Hilbert, Z. A. (2026) · npj Fungal Science · doi:10.1038/s44512-026-00001-4
Blackburn, E., Ristow, L. C., Xie, X., Krysan, D. J., & Lin, X. (2026) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02051-26
BindingDB (2017) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q24q7ww5
Metadata
- Authors
- Bahn, Y.-S., Cox, G. M., Perfect, J. R., & Heitman, J.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heitman, Joseph
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 2013-2020
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1968110247
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 10.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2815 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI39115, AI44975, AI50113)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme function and inhibition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide detection, Cryptococcus neoformans, beta-carbonic anhydrase, fungal virulence, fatty acid synthesis, cell-cell fusion, sexual differentiation, mating, fruiting body formation, sporulation, human fungal pathogens, environmental survival
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Bicarbonates, Carbon Dioxide, Carbonic Anhydrases, Cell Adhesion, Cryptococcus neoformans, DNA Mutational Analysis, Fatty Acids, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Reproduction, Spores, Fungal, Blotting, Northern, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Computational Biology
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