The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self and other in the human motor system.
Open accessAbstract
Observation of another's action can selectively facilitate the brain's motor circuits for making the same action . A "mirror-matching mechanism" might map observed actions onto the observer's own motor representations . Crucially, this view suggests that the brain represents others' actions like one's own. However, this hypothesis has been difficult to test because the experience of one's own body differs from that of others' bodies with respect to viewpoint, morphological features, familiarity, and the hallmark feature of kinaesthetic experience. We used an established method for manipulating the sense of body ownership ("rubber-hand illusion") to compare effects of observing actions that either were or were not illusorily attributed to the subject's own body. We show that observing another's actions facilitated the motor system, whereas observing identical actions, which were illusorily attributed to the subject's own body, showed the opposite pattern. Thus, motor facilitation strongly depends on the agent to whom the observed action is attributed. This result contradicts previous concepts of equivalence between one's own actions and actions of others and suggests that social differentiation, not equivalence, is characteristic of the human action system.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Finally, we note that continuous stroking may not be necessary to induce the illusion. For example [23] showed that the RHI could be ‘topped up’ by occasional sequences of stroking with periods of no stroking in between.”
From First person experience of body transfer in virtual reality (2010) · cites this paper as [23]
Citations
Cites
Rubber hands ‘feel’ touch that eyes see
Botvinick, M., & Cohen, J. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35784 · Cited by 4,410
Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35090060 · Cited by 3,302
Motor facilitation during action observation: a magnetic stimulation study
Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2608 · Cited by 2,297
That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb
Ehrsson, H. H., Spence, C., & Passingham, R. E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097011 · Cited by 1,348
The rubber hand illusion revisited: visuotactile integration and self-attribution
Tsakiris, M., & Haggard, P. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.80 · Cited by 1,328
Projecting sensations to external objects: evidence from skin conductance response
Armel, K. C., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2003) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2364 · Cited by 854
The Case for Motor Involvement in Perceiving Conspecifics.
Wilson, M., & Knoblich, G. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.3.460 · Cited by 846
An Interference Effect of Observed Biological Movement on Action
Kilner, J. M., Paulignan, Y., & Blakemore, S. J. (2003) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00165-9 · Cited by 844
Causes and consequences of imitation.
Heyes, C. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01661-2 · Cited by 684
Extrastriate body area in human occipital cortex responds to the performance of motor actions
Astafiev, S. V., Stanley, C. M., Shulman, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1241 · Cited by 629
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–141 of 141
Bisio, A., Biggio, M., Canepa, P., Faelli, E. L., Ruggeri, P., Avanzino, L., & Bove, M. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15140 · Cited by 11
Seeing a Bayesian ghost: Sensorimotor activation leads to an illusory social perception
Friedrich, E. V. C., Zillekens, I. C., Biel, A. L., O’Leary, D., Seegenschmiedt, E. V., Singer, J., Schilbach, L., & Sauseng, P. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104068 · Cited by 10
Witt, J. K. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119170174.epcn211 · Cited by 11
Dell’Anna, A., Fossataro, C., Burin, D., Bruno, V., Salatino, A., Garbarini, F., Pia, L., Ricci, R., Leman, M., & Berti, A. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.017 · Cited by 13
Gianelli, C., Marzocchi, M., & Borghi, A. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00042 · Cited by 8
Fiorio, M., Zhang, W., Bresciani, M. C., Rodi, G., Bertolasi, L., Gambarin, M., & Tinazzi, M. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.004 · Cited by 8
Ratcliffe, N., Greenfield, K., Ropar, D., Howard, E. M., & Newport, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.702519 · Cited by 7
Ticini, L. F., Dolk, T., Waszak, F., & Schütz‐Bosbach, S. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30480-z · Cited by 7
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746 · Cited by 13
Okada, Y., Shibamoto, C., Osumi, Y., Asano, C., Takeuchi, R., Nabeshima, S., Morioka, S., & Shomoto, K. (2018) · Journal of Movement Disorders · doi:10.14802/jmd.18007 · Cited by 6
The Limits of Expression: Language, Literature, Mind
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cited by 6
Alaydın, H. C., & Çengiz, B. (2021) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107992 · Cited by 6
Body psychotherapy and social theory
Totton, N. (2008) · Body Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/17432970802079018 · Cited by 6
The temporal limits of agency for reaching movements in augmented virtuality
Bernal, G., Maes, P., & Kannape, O. A. (2016) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/smc.2016.7844679 · Cited by 4
Within- and Cross-Modal Integration and Attention in the Autism Spectrum
Charbonneau, G., Bertone, A., Véronneau, M. H., Girard, S., Pelland, M., Mottron, L., Leporé, F., & Collignon, O. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04221-8 · Cited by 6
Gordon, C., Barbullushi, A., Tombolini, S., Margiotta, F., Ciacci, A., Yosef, L. S., Barker, L., & Martini, M. (2019) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2019-0019 · Cited by 5
Body illusions for mental health: a systematic reviewPreprint
Matamala-Gomez, M., Maselli, A., Malighetti, C., Realdon, O., Mantovani, F., & Riva, G. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/mk69x · Cited by 5
If the motor system is no mirror
Brincker, M. (2012) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 4
Shibuya, S., & Ohki, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.70035 · Cited by 2
Balancing the excitability of M1 circuitry during movement observation without overt replication
Arias, P., Robles‐García, V., Corral-Bergantiños, Y., Espinosa, N., Mordillo‐Mateos, L., Grieve, K. L., Oliviero, A., & Cudeiro, J. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00316 · Cited by 4
Reflections on mirror therapy in stroke: Mechanisms and effectiveness for improving hand function
Michielsen, M. E. (2012) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 2
The curse of the perceptual: a case from kinaesthesia
Kolaiti, P. (2017) · Journal of Literary Semantics · doi:10.1515/jls-2017-0003 · Cited by 1
Mastery Biases Agent-Representation in Visual Perception of Handwritings
Yatabe, K., Watanabe, K., DaSalla, C. S., & Hanakawa, T. (2011) · International Conference on Biometrics and Kansei Engineering (ICBAKE) · doi:10.1109/icbake.2011.10
Agostini, T., & Gerbino, W. (2012)
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.003
After Structural Essentialism What?
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.005
Interdisciplinarity, Theory and the Sciences of Mind
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.008
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.009
Literature as Artefact versus Literature as a Cognitive Object
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.006
The Question of Expressibility or How Far It Is Possible to Speak Our Mind
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.002
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.001
Literature as Meaning versus Literature as Experience
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.007
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.004
Kolaiti, P. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108290746.010
Regards cliniques du rapport au corps chez le sujet âgé institutionnalisé
Lemétayer, F., & Boutin, N. (2024) · Gérontologie et société · doi:10.3917/gs1.175.0235
Sustained Facilitation of Embodied Fake Hand Movement on Voluntary Movement Execution
Shibuya, S. (2026) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.70416
Deroualle, D. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/87c0f5c0z6387z4adfz91f2z4c4deb30c82a
Metadata
- Authors
- Schütz-Bosbach, S., Mancini, B., Aglioti, S. M., & Haggard, P.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IT)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1830-1834
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091806562
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2511 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Society
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- mirror system, action observation, motor facilitation, rubber hand illusion, body ownership, self-other distinction, social cognition, motor representations, kinesthesia
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Hand, Humans, Illusions, Imitative Behavior, Movement, Physical Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Visual Perception, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Recognition, Psychology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review