The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self and other in the human motor system.
Open accessAbstract
Observation of another's action can selectively facilitate the brain's motor circuits for making the same action . A "mirror-matching mechanism" might map observed actions onto the observer's own motor representations . Crucially, this view suggests that the brain represents others' actions like one's own. However, this hypothesis has been difficult to test because the experience of one's own body differs from that of others' bodies with respect to viewpoint, morphological features, familiarity, and the hallmark feature of kinaesthetic experience. We used an established method for manipulating the sense of body ownership ("rubber-hand illusion") to compare effects of observing actions that either were or were not illusorily attributed to the subject's own body. We show that observing another's actions facilitated the motor system, whereas observing identical actions, which were illusorily attributed to the subject's own body, showed the opposite pattern. Thus, motor facilitation strongly depends on the agent to whom the observed action is attributed. This result contradicts previous concepts of equivalence between one's own actions and actions of others and suggests that social differentiation, not equivalence, is characteristic of the human action system.
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“Finally, we note that continuous stroking may not be necessary to induce the illusion. For example [23] showed that the RHI could be ‘topped up’ by occasional sequences of stroking with periods of no stroking in between.”
From First person experience of body transfer in virtual reality (2010) · cites this paper as [23]
Citations
Cites
Rubber hands ‘feel’ touch that eyes see
Botvinick, M., & Cohen, J. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35784 · Cited by 4,410
Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35090060 · Cited by 3,302
Motor facilitation during action observation: a magnetic stimulation study
Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Pavesi, G., & Rizzolatti, G. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2608 · Cited by 2,297
That's my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb
Ehrsson, H. H., Spence, C., & Passingham, R. E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097011 · Cited by 1,348
The rubber hand illusion revisited: visuotactile integration and self-attribution
Tsakiris, M., & Haggard, P. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.80 · Cited by 1,328
Projecting sensations to external objects: evidence from skin conductance response
Armel, K. C., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2003) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2364 · Cited by 854
The Case for Motor Involvement in Perceiving Conspecifics.
Wilson, M., & Knoblich, G. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.3.460 · Cited by 846
An Interference Effect of Observed Biological Movement on Action
Kilner, J. M., Paulignan, Y., & Blakemore, S. J. (2003) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00165-9 · Cited by 844
Causes and consequences of imitation.
Heyes, C. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01661-2 · Cited by 684
Extrastriate body area in human occipital cortex responds to the performance of motor actions
Astafiev, S. V., Stanley, C. M., Shulman, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1241 · Cited by 629
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Sense of Embodiment in Virtual Reality
Kilteni, K., Groten, R., & Slater, M. (2012) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00124 · Cited by 1,901
First person experience of body transfer in virtual reality
Slater, M., Spanlang, B., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Blanke, O. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010564 · Cited by 1,090
My body in the brain: A neurocognitive model of body-ownership.
Tsakiris, M. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034 · Cited by 1,069
The parent–infant dyad and the construction of the subjective self
Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., & Target, M. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01727.x · Cited by 555
On the other hand: Dummy hands and peripersonal space
Makin, T. R., Holmes, N. P., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.02.041 · Cited by 530
Metadata
- Authors
- Schütz-Bosbach, S., Mancini, B., Aglioti, S. M., & Haggard, P.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione Santa Lucia (IT)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 1830-1834
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091806562
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2511 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Society
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- mirror system, action observation, motor facilitation, rubber hand illusion, body ownership, self-other distinction, social cognition, motor representations, kinesthesia
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Hand, Humans, Illusions, Imitative Behavior, Movement, Physical Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Visual Perception, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Recognition, Psychology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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