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Cited by 1,069Virtual Reality Applications and ImpactsMultisensory perception and integrationTactile and Sensory Interactions

My body in the brain: A neurocognitive model of body-ownership.

Tsakiris, Manos·2010·Neuropsychologia
DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034
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Abstract

Empirical research on the bodily self has only recently started to investigate how the link between a body and the experience of this body as mine is developed, maintained or disturbed. The Rubber Hand Illusion has been used as a model instance of the normal sense of embodiment to investigate the processes that underpin the experience of body-ownership. This review puts forward a neurocognitive model according to which body-ownership arises as an interaction between current multisensory input and internal models of the body. First, a pre-existing stored model of the body distinguishes between objects that may or may not be part of one's body. Second, on-line anatomical and postural representations of the body modulate the integration of multisensory information that leads to the recalibration of visual and tactile coordinate systems. Third, the resulting referral of tactile sensation will give rise to the subjective experience of body-ownership. These processes involve a neural network comprised of the right temporoparietal junction which tests the incorporeability of the external object, the secondary somatosensory cortex which maintains an on-line representation of the body, the posterior parietal and ventral premotor cortices which code for the recalibration of the hand-centred coordinate systems, and the right posterior insula which underpins the subjective experience of body-ownership. The experience of body-ownership may represent a critical component of self-specificity as evidenced by the different ways in which multisensory integration in interaction with internal models of the body can actually manipulate important physical and psychological aspects of the self.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034

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109 of 109 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The cerebellum is a major region contributing to the sense of body ownership.

    “First, the cerebellum is a major region contributing to the sense of body ownership, described as “a feeling of mineness” that we experience toward our body parts (Tsakiris, 2010).”

    From The Forward Model: A Unifying Theory for the Role of the Cerebellum in Motor Control and Sense of Agency (2021) · cites this paper as Tsakiris, 2010

  • This precise temporal rule fits well with the temporal window of integration of multisensory cortical neurons, causal inference theories of multisensory integration, and the past body representation literature.

    “This precise temporal rule fits well with the temporal window of integration of multisensory cortical neurons12, causal inference theories of multisensory integration7,11,13, and the past body representation literature2,3,5,7–11,14,15.”

    From No specific relationship between hypnotic suggestibility and the rubber hand illusion (2022) · cites this paper as [5]

  • Although different theoretical models of the RHI have been proposed, there is substantial agreement that the RHI is a perceptual illusion that arises from a combination of bottom-up and top-down processes involved in multisensory integration.

    “Although different theoretical models of the RHI have been proposed5–7, there is substantial agreement that the RHI is a perceptual illusion that arises from a combination of bottom-up and top-down processes involved in multisensory integration.”

    From No specific relationship between hypnotic suggestibility and the rubber hand illusion (2022) · cites this paper as [5]

  • Recent studies emphasize the primary role of multisensory integration for body-awareness, over the role of memory of one's body appearance.

    “In contrast, recent studies that investigated self-recognition of bodily movements across development [22] and the sense of body-ownership [23] emphasize the primary role of multisensory integration for body-awareness, over the role of memory of one’s body appearance.”

    From The other in me: interpersonal multisensory stimulation changes the mental representation of the self (2012) · cites this paper as [23]

  • These midline structures are involved in self-reflection, autobiographical memory processing and higher-order emotional processing and regulation.

    “These midline structures are involved in self-reflection, autobiographical memory processing and higher-order emotional processing and regulation ( Northoff et al., 2006 ; Tsakiris, 2010 ).”

    From The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders (2022) · cites this paper as Tsakiris, 2010

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Authors
Tsakiris, M.
Venue
Neuropsychologia
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-02
Volume
48
Issue
3
Pages
703-712
ISSN
0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.034
OpenAlex
W2037141354
Cited by
1,069
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 35
FWCI
46.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Royal Holloway Digital Repository (Royal Holloway University of London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Economic and Social Research Council
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Keywords
body ownership, embodiment, rubber hand illusion, multisensory integration, right temporoparietal junction, secondary somatosensory cortex, posterior parietal cortex, ventral premotor cortex, posterior insula, body schema
MeSH terms
Animals, Body Image, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Humans, Illusions, Models, Psychological, Nerve Net, Self Concept, Visual Perception, Touch Perception

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