The Retinotopic Organization of Striate Cortex Is Well Predicted by Surface Topology
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In 1918, Gordon Holmes combined observations of visual-field scotomas across brain-lesioned soldiers to produce a schematic map of the projection of the visual field upon the striate cortex. One limit to the precision of his result, and the mapping of anatomy to retinotopy generally, is the substantial individual variation in the size, volumetric position, and cortical magnification of area V1. When viewed within the context of the curvature of the cortical surface, however, the boundaries of striate cortex fall at a consistent location across individuals. We asked whether the surface topology of the human brain can be used to accurately predict the internal, retinotopic function of striate cortex as well. We used fMRI to measure polar angle and eccentricity in 25 participants and combined their maps within a left-right, transform-symmetric representation of the cortical surface. These data were then fit using a deterministic, algebraic model of visual-field representation. We found that an anatomical image alone can be used to predict the retinotopic organization of striate cortex for an individual with accuracy equivalent to 10-25 min of functional mapping. This indicates tight developmental linkage of structure and function within a primary, sensory cortical area.
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It is currently possible to accurately predict human cortical receptive field mapping based on anatomical scans or other retinotopic mapping strategies that do not rely on visual input.
“it is currently possible to accurately predict human cortical receptive field mapping based on anatomical scans (Benson et al., 2012; Benson et al., 2014), or other retinotopic mapping strategies that do not rely on visual input (Goebel et al., 2022; Bock et al., 2015).”
From Towards biologically plausible phosphene simulation for the differentiable optimization of visual cortical prostheses (2024) · cites this paper as Benson et al., 2012
There was good agreement between predicted phosphene locations based on presurgical analysis and the reported locations of evoked phosphenes.
“There was also a good agreement between predicted phosphene locations based on our presurgical analysis (refs. 22, 23; yellow area in Figure 5A) and the reported locations of the evoked phosphenes (blue dots with electrode numbers in Figure 5A).”
From Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
Retinotopic visual maps in the medial occipital lobe were observed in sighted subjects using fMRI.
“Retinotopic visual maps in the medial occipital lobe were indeed observed in sighted subjects using fMRI [15,16].”
From Eye movements and the perceived location of phosphenes generated by intracranial primary visual cortex stimulation in the blind (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Brain activity in the occipital lobe at different eye positions, as measured by BOLD mapping, corresponds to retinal location.
“This aforementioned work demonstrated that the brain activity in the occipital lobe at different eye positions, as measured by blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) mapping, corresponded to the retinal location.”
From Eye movements and the perceived location of phosphenes generated by intracranial primary visual cortex stimulation in the blind (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Many aspects of the model, including the transformation from visual space to cortical surface, will easily generalize to higher visual areas.
“Many aspects of our model, including the transformation from visual space to cortical surface63,65,92, will easily generalize to these higher visual areas.”
From A virtual patient simulation modeling the neural and perceptual effects of human visual cortical stimulation, from pulse trains to percepts (2024) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Benson, N. C., Butt, O. H., Datta, R., Radoeva, P. D., Brainard, D. H., & Aguirre, G. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aguirre, Geoffrey K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2081-2085
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3494819
- OpenAlex
- W1970172699
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2012-12-04)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG000255)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY020516, P30EY001583)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30NS045839)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- retinotopic organization, primary visual cortex, visual field representation, cortical magnification, polar angle, eccentricity, interindividual variability, structure-function relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Scotoma, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields, Young Adult, Visual Field Tests
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