Cited by 241Evolutionary Game Theory and CooperationBacterial biofilms and quorum sensingEvolution and Genetic Dynamics

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Public goods and cheating in microbes

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Smith, Parker, Schuster, Martin·2019·Current Biology

DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.001

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Abstract

Communication and cooperation are not restricted to complex, higher organisms. Microbes, too, perform a variety of collective, multicellular behaviors, including biofilm formation, quorum sensing, nutrient acquisition, and dispersal. The products of these microbial cooperative behaviors are generally referred to as public goods. Here we describe the nature of microbial public goods, the associated problem of cheating, and ways in which microbes maintain public goods in the face of cheating. We highlight work in a growing field at the interface of microbiology, evolution, and ecology that combines multiple approaches in experimental evolution, genetics, and mathematical modeling.

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List of Figures
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.002.0009
The free-living prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Boomsma, J. J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.003.0007
Preface
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.002.0005
Inclusive fitness as driver of cooperation for mutual benefit
Boomsma, J. J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.003.0005
List of Boxes
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.002.0008
Adaptation, control information, and the human condition
Boomsma, J. J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.003.0008
A reappraisal of progress in evolution
Boomsma, J. J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.003.0003
List of Tables
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.002.0010
The gene’s eye view that forged a neo-Darwinian synthesis
Boomsma, J. J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.003.0002
Copyright Page
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.002.0003
The multicellular organisms and colonial superorganisms
Boomsma, J. J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198746171.003.0006
Dedication
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A punctuated history of understanding social adaptation
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Investigating the eco-evolutionary tunnels for establishing cooperative communities
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Biofilms
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RETRACTED: Nitrogen sources enhance siderophore-mediated competition for iron between potato common scab and late blight causative agents
Stulanovic, N., Kerdel, Y., Rezende, L., Deflandre, B., Burguet, P., Belde, L., Denoel, R., Tellatin, D., Rigolet, A., Hanikenne, M., et al. (2024) · Metallomics · doi:10.1093/mtomcs/mfae004
Retracted
The rise of cheats during experimental evolution is restricted by non-kin interactions between Bacillus subtilis soil isolatesPreprint
Pandur, K. B., Kraigher, B., Tomac, A., Štefanič, P., & Mandić-Mulec, I. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587313
Microbial cross-feeding is stabilized when a dependent mutant is segregated from its independent ancestorPreprint
Schakel, O. F., Fritts, R. K., Zmuda, A. J., Setayeshgar, S., & McKinlay, J. B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.23.634601
Metabolic byproduct utilization and the evolution of mutually beneficial cooperation in Escherichia coli
Ye, N., Hou, B., Song, J., Dunn, D. W., Ma, Z. S., & Wang, R.-W. (2025) · Evolution · doi:10.1093/evolut/qpaf026
Ecological relationships between human gut bacteria predicted from analysis of dense microbiome time series data from US travelers in BangladeshPreprint
Martin, C. G., Lyon, L. M., González, A., Knight, R. D., & Lozupone, C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.27.639550
Facultative Cheating and Hybrid Vigor Resolves Cooperator-Cheater Conflict in a Yeast Public Goods SystemPreprint
Raj, N., & Saini, S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.28.651155
Appendix: Claims
Clarke, E. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191948008.005.0001

Authors: Smith, P., & Schuster, M.
Affiliations: Oregon State University (US)
ORCID: Smith, Parker
Venue: Current Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-06
Volume: 29
Issue: 11
Pages: R442-R447
ISSN: 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.001
OpenAlex: W2948332211
Cited by: 240
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 41.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 368 d)
Locations: Current Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
Keywords: cheating, microbial cooperation, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, nutrient acquisition, dispersal, experimental evolution, mathematical modeling, microbial evolution, microbial ecology
MeSH terms: Biological Evolution, Models, Biological, Microbial Interactions

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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Public goods and cheating in microbes

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