The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Crosstalk via the NF-κB signaling system
Open accessAbstract
The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors consists of 15 possible dimers whose activity is controlled by a family of inhibitor proteins, known as IkappaBs. A variety of cellular stimuli, many of them transduced by members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, induce degradation of IkappaBs to activate an overlapping subset of NF-kappaB dimers. However, generation and stimulus-responsive activation of NF-kappaB dimers are intimately linked via various cross-regulatory mechanisms that allow crosstalk between different signaling pathways through the NF-kappaB signaling system. In this review, we summarize these mechanisms and discuss physiological and pathological consequences of crosstalk between apparently distinct inflammatory and developmental signals. We argue that a systems approach will be valuable for understanding questions of specificity and emergent properties of highly networked cellular signaling systems.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“NF-κB translocated into the nucleus activates the transcription of target genes (Basak and Hoffmann 2008).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Basak and Hoffmann 2008
In the citing paper
“The canonical activation pathway is triggered through the site-specific phosphorylation by an IκB-kinase (IKK) complex in response to microbes, and proinflammatory cytokines.”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Basak and Hoffmann 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity
Karin, M., & Ben-Neriah, Y. (2000) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.621 · Cited by 4,766
Missing Pieces in the NF-κB Puzzle
Ghosh, S., & Karin, M. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00703-1 · Cited by 3,638 · cited 1×
“In general, the catalytic activity of IKK2 is required for canonical signaling [8,9].”
BackgroundNuclear factor-κB in cancer development and progression
Karin, M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04870 · Cited by 3,519
IKKβ Links Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer
Greten, F. R., Eckmann, L., Greten, T. F., Park, J. M., Li, Z.-W., Egan, L. J., Kagnoff, M. F., & Karin, M. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.013 · Cited by 2,433
IκB: a Specific Inhibitor of the NF-κB Transcription Factor
Baeuerle, P. A., & Baltimore, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3140380 · Cited by 2,154
The IκB-NF-κB Signaling Module: Temporal Control and Selective Gene Activation
Hoffmann, A., Levchenko, A., Scott, M. L., & Baltimore, D. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071914 · Cited by 1,890
Self-citationEmbryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking the RelA component of NF-κB
Beg, A. A., Sha, W. C., Bronson, R. T., Ghosh, S., & Baltimore, D. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376167a0 · Cited by 1,828
Activation by IKKα of a Second, Evolutionary Conserved, NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Senftleben, U., Cao, Y., Xiao, G., Greten, F. R., Krähn, G. M., Bonizzi, G., Chen, Y., Hu, Y., Fong, A., Sun, S., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062677 · Cited by 1,361
Targeted disruption of the p50 subunit of NF-κB leads to multifocal defects in immune responses
Sha, W. C., Liou, H.-C., TUOMANEN, E. I., & Baltimore, D. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90415-8 · Cited by 1,158
Baeuerle, P. A., & Baltimore, D. (1988) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90382-0 · Cited by 1,130
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–178 of 178
Lu, W., Meng, Z., Hernandez, R., & Zhou, C. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.150161 · Cited by 22
Saito, K., Winnall, W. R., Muir, J. A., & Hedger, M. P. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.01.014 · Cited by 22
Abraham, S., Nagaraj, A. S., Basak, S., & Manjunath, R. (2010) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02250-09 · Cited by 22
Self-citationSun, Y., Li, B., Song, B., Xia, Y., Zhou, X., Lin, F., Rao, T., & Fan, C. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03246-9 · Cited by 23
Litvinova, L. S., Atochin, D. N., Василенко, М., Fattakhov, N. S., Затолокин, П. А., Вайсбейн, И. З., & Кириенкова, Е. В. (2014) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-137 · Cited by 21
Lack of Effect of the Salmonella Deubiquitinase SseL on the NF-κB Pathway
Mesquita, F. S., Holden, D. W., & Rolhion, N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053064 · Cited by 23
Silva, Á. J. C., & de Lavor, M. S. L. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26052050 · Cited by 21
A universal reporter cell line for bioactivity evaluation of engineered cytokine products
Mock, J., Pellegrino, C. E., & Neri, D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60182-4 · Cited by 19
TgROP18 targets IL20RB for host-defense-related-STAT3 activation during Toxoplasma gondii infection
Kong, L. X., Jiang, D., He, C., Xia, J., Wei, H., Zhou, L., & Peng, H. (2020) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04251-7 · Cited by 20
Kim, I., Kwon, M., Jung, J.-H., & Nam, T. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3214 · Cited by 20
Activation of Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling by the Oncoprotein Tio
de Jong, S. J., Albrecht, J., Schmidt, M., Müller‐Fleckenstein, I., & Biesinger, B. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.102848 · Cited by 20
Jiang, T., Sun, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, F., Guo, J., Sun, L., Jiang, Y., Xue, J., Duan, J., & Liu, C. (2024) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155655 · Cited by 19
Negative Interactions and Feedback Regulations Are Required for Transient Cellular Response
Mobashir, M., Madhusudhan, T., Isermann, B., Beyer, T., & Schraven, B. L. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep03718 · Cited by 19
The impact of NF-κB on inflammatory and angiogenic processes in age-related macular degeneration
Almalki, W. H., & Almujri, S. S. (2024) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2024.110111 · Cited by 19
Tezera, L. B., Hampton, J., Jackson, S. K., & Davenport, V. (2010) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01554.x · Cited by 19
Li, Y., Wang, X., Ren, J., Lan, X., Li, J., Yi, J., Liu, L., Han, Y., Zhang, S., Li, D., et al. (2017) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0113-6 · Cited by 20
Acute kidney injury transcriptomics unveils a relationship between inflammation and ageing.
Izquierdo, M. C., Sanz, A. B., Sánchez-Niño, M. D., Pérez-Gómez, M. V., Ruiz‐Ortega, M., Poveda, J., Ruiz‐Andrés, O., Ramos, A. M., Moreno, J. A., Egido, J., et al. (2012) · PubMed · doi:10.3265/nefrologia.pre2012.aug.11667 · Cited by 16
Ueda, K., Nishimoto, Y., Kimura, G., Masuko, T., Barnes, P. J., Ito, K., & Kizawa, Y. (2016) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.07.020 · Cited by 17
Lee, H., Shin, J., Lee, K., Park, S. C., Jang, Y. P., Nam, J., & Lee, K. (2017) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.5773 · Cited by 16
Anghel, F. M., Matei, S.-C., Olteanu, G., Barna, R. A., & Marian, C. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13123050 · Cited by 24
Absolute Ligand Discrimination by Dimeric Signaling Receptors
Fathi, S., Nayak, C. R., Feld, J. J., & Zilman, A. (2016) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2016.07.029 · Cited by 14
Zhang, X., Tan, X., Liu, Y., You, W., Liu, G., Liu, X., Jin, Q., Chen, W., Wan, F., & Zhao, H.-B. (2019) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/bcb-2018-0320 · Cited by 14
Zhao, J., Nakahira, K., Kimura, A., Kyotani, Y., & Yoshizumi, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21228660 · Cited by 13
Giorgio, E. D., Cortolezzis, Y., Gualandi, N., Agostini, F., Rapozzi, V., & Xodo, L. E. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119606 · Cited by 12
Morin, G., Orlando, V., Crites, K. S.-M., Patey, N., & Mailhot, G. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00060.2015 · Cited by 12
Increased Thymic Cell Turnover under Boron Stress May Bypass TLR3/4 Pathway in African Ostrich
Huang, H., Xiao, K., Lu, S., Yang, K., Ansari, A. R., Khaliq, H., Song, H., Zhong, J., Liu, H., & Peng, K. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129596 · Cited by 12
Mitchell, S. A., & Hoffmann, A. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1816000116 · Cited by 11
Self-citationPhysical approaches to receptor sensing and ligand discrimination
François, P., & Zilman, A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Systems Biology · doi:10.1016/j.coisb.2019.10.017 · Cited by 9
Xiao, B., Xu, J., Wang, G., Jiang, P., Fang, F., Huang, J., & Wang, J. (2010) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-010-0647-4 · Cited by 10
Protective Effect of Emodin against Lipopolysaccharides-induced Corneal Injury in Rats
Chen, G., Liu, Z., Wang, J., Gao, X., Wei, L.-W., & Liu, Y.-L. (2009) · Chinese Medical Sciences Journal · doi:10.1016/s1001-9294(10)60008-9 · Cited by 10
Bianchini, B. H. S., Martelossi-Cebinelli, G., Carneiro, J. A., Rasquel-Oliveira, F. S., Casagrande, R., & Verri, W. A., Jr. (2025) · Future Pharmacology · doi:10.3390/futurepharmacol5040060 · Cited by 12
Muti, L. A., Pârvu, A. E., Craciun, A. M., Miron, N., & Acalovschi, M. (2015) · Medicine and Pharmacy Reports · doi:10.15386/cjmed-458 · Cited by 9
Protective role of tenuigenin on sepsis‑induced acute kidney injury in mice
Xu, Y., Jiang, Y., Gai, W., & Yu, B. (2017) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2017.5164 · Cited by 9
Guo, X., Yang, F., Liu, T., Chen, A., Liu, D., Pu, J., Jia, C., Wu, Y., Yuan, J., Ouyang, N., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202401672 · Cited by 11
Pleiotropy enables specific and accurate signaling in the presence of ligand cross talk
Kirby, D., Rothschild, J., Smart, M., & Zilman, A. (2021) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.103.042401 · Cited by 6
Vlahopoulos, S. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25168621 · Cited by 9
Dao-yu, T., Shi, H., Li, C., Zhong, X.-L., & Kang, M. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i19.5877 · Cited by 8
Determinants of Ligand Specificity and Functional Plasticity in Type I Interferon Signaling
KIRBY, D. R. S., Parmar, B. S., Fathi, S., Marwah, S., Nayak, C. R., Cherepanov, V., MacParland, S. A., Feld, J. J., Altan-Bonnet, G. Y., & Zilman, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.748423 · Cited by 10
Lee, Y., Lin, S., Hong, C., Wang, J., Yang, H., Lai, E. H., Chen, M.-H., & Kok, S. (2010) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.009 · Cited by 8
Ratra, Y., Kumar, N., Saha, M. K., Bharadwaj, C., Chongtham, C., Bais, S. S., Medigeshi, G. R., Arimbasseri, G. A., & Basak, S. (2022) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2101054 · Cited by 7
Self-citationJapanese Encephalitis Virus: Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Abraham, S., Verma, S., Kumar, G., & Manjunath, R. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/22083 · Cited by 7
TRAF2 and Cellular IAPs: A Critical Link in TNFR Family Signaling
Vucic, D. (2010) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_7 · Cited by 7
Droebner, K., Klein, B., Paxian, S. A., Schmid, R. M., Stitz, L., & Planz, O. (2010) · Viral Immunology · doi:10.1089/vim.2009.0101 · Cited by 6
Yang, E. J., Ham, Y., Kim, D. S., Kim, J., Hong, J. P., Kim, M., Moon, J., Lee, W. J., Lee, N. H., & Hyun, C. (2010) · Biologia · doi:10.2478/s11756-010-0027-5 · Cited by 6
Immunology of the Testis and Male Reproductive Tract
Hedger, M. P. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-046884-6.01112-x · Cited by 6
Optimal pairing of binder and co-stimulatory domains improves dual CART cell efficacy
Shukla, D., Manne, S., Jiang, S., Ruella, M., Wherry, E. J., & Riley, J. L. (2025) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.08.002 · Cited by 5
Open questions in the NF-κB field
Bacher, S., & Schmitz, M. L. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119469 · Cited by 5
Peinado, C. D., Kang, X., Hardamon, C. R., Arora, S., Mah, S., Zhang, H., Ngolab, J., & Bui, J. D. (2013) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12080 · Cited by 5
High-Throughput Multiomics Profiling of Model Systems Using the AVITI24 PlatformPreprint
Lopez, T., Honigfort, D. J., Mah, A., Thompson, C., Dien, V. T., Dawood, M., Frankel, E., Fuller, D., Jamison, C., Kelley, R., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.03.651997 · Cited by 5
Özöner, M. P., Gür, F. M., Aktaş, İ., Özöner, Ö., & Timurkaan, S. (2026) · Journal of Molecular Histology · doi:10.1007/s10735-026-10719-0 · Cited by 4
Zaheryani, S. M. S., Ebrahimi, M. E., Kasaei, A., Roointan, A., Nejabat, M., Dianatpour, M., Meisam, M., Talebnejad, M. R., & Naghibalhossaini, F. (2018) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.3.169 · Cited by 4
N4BP1 as a modulator of the NF-κB pathway
Zhang, X., Zheng, R., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2025.04.003 · Cited by 3
Protective Effect of Walnut Oil on Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice
Miao, F., Shan, C., Yang, W., Wang, H., Geng, S., & Ning, D. (2021) · Pakistan Journal of Zoology · doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/20200623110630 · Cited by 2
Pneumococcus uses COMMD2 to alter host cellular immunity
Connor, M. G., Sanchez, L., Chevalier, C., Camarasa, T., Carvalho, F., Eldridge, M. J. G., Chaze, T., Matondo, M., Karkeni, E., Dufour, S., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-72852-4 · Cited by 2
Cellular signaling pathways with reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Madkour, L. H. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822481-6.00003-7 · Cited by 3
El-Abd, E. A., Matta, C., Sheta, M., Elkerm, Y., Afifi, M., Benhassine, T., Meftahi, S., Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, F. D. S. B. (., Sakr, S., & Elsherbini, B. (2014) · Advances in Cancer Research & Treatment · doi:10.5171/2015.965854 · Cited by 2
Lopes, A. P., Bagatela, B. S., Fernando, L. A. F., Edson, L. M., Jairo, K. B., Dhammika, N., & bio, F. P. F. A. (2016) · Journal of Medicinal Plants Research · doi:10.5897/jmpr2016.6126 · Cited by 2
Halaf, I. A. A., Tehranipour, M., & Akharat, H. M. (2021) · مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند · doi:10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.3.101 · Cited by 2
Ge, T.-Q., Ma, X., Guan, P.-P., & Wang, P. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05404-4 · Cited by 1
The NF-κB-inducing kinase: a central regulator of immunity and autoimmune diseases
Yu, L., 毛宏梅, & Sun, S. (2026) · Immunity & Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s44466-026-00026-4 · Cited by 1
Unraveling the molecular mechanism underlying ALS-linked astrocyte toxicity for motor neurons
Ikiz, B. (2013) · doi:10.7916/d8db87x7 · Cited by 1
Liu, Y., Pan, D., Xu, J., Fu, W., Niu, X., Ding, X., Liu, J., & Zhang, Q. (2012) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.006 · Cited by 1
NanoBio™ Nanoemulsion for Mucosal Vaccine Delivery
Hamouda, T., Simon, J. K., Fattom, A., & Baker, J. R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5380-2_13 · Cited by 1
Consequences of Oxidative Stress and ROS-Mediated Pathways Cellular Signaling Stress Response
Madkour, L. H. (2020) · Nanomedicine and nanotoxicology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37297-2_5 · Cited by 1
Principles of Modular Tumor Therapy
Reichle, A., & Hildebrandt, G. C. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9531-2_3 · Cited by 1
Alternative Nf-kb Signaling in Atherogenesis
Dühring, S. (2014) · Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)
Cells, E., Chae, D., & Na, K. R. (2014)
Homeostatic control of IkappaB metabolism determines NF- kappaB responsiveness
O'Dea, E. L. (2010) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Chu, K. L. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Hamon, M. A., Connor, M. G., Sanchez, L., Chevalier, C., Carvalho, F., Eldridge, M. J. G., Chaze, T., Matondo, M., Weight, C. M., Dufour, S., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3212388/v1
Computational modelling of aggressive B-cell lymphoma
Jayawant, E. S., Vareli, A., Pepper, A. G. S., Pepper, C. J., Simoes, F. A., & Mitchell, S. A. (2025) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20253039
NF-κB Signalling and Lymphoid Tissue Organogenesis
Bénézech, C., Mader, E., Weih, F., & Caamaño, J. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14429-5_4
Amine, R. E. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/79702f70za566z4f62z8665zfa738acf7b3f
New genetic predisposition to early-onset autoimmunity in human : implication of the NF-κB pathway
Barnabei, L. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/59eeec14zbe5fz4f23zae93z2575171fe00b
Vakhshoori, M., & Abdipour, A. (2026) · Discover Medicine · doi:10.1007/s44337-026-00586-9
Zhao, Y., Cai, Y., Shen, S., Wen, Y., Li, T., Kang, L., Xu, B., & Sun, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1896701
Metadata
- Authors
- Basak, S., & Hoffmann, A.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Basak, Soumen
- Hoffmann, Alexander
- Venue
- Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 187-197
- ISSN
- 1359-6101 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2675004
- OpenAlex
- W2054072076
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P01GM071862, R01GM071573)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- NF-κB signaling, signaling crosstalk, IκB degradation, TNF receptor superfamily, inflammatory signaling, developmental signaling
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Immunity, Inflammation, Lymphoid Tissue, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Growth and Development, Mice, Transcription Factor RelA, NF-kappa B p50 Subunit
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review