The DOI matches its Crossref record; 153 of the 158 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human Safety and Efficacy of Ultraviolet Filters and Sunscreen Products
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are the active ingredients in sunscreens. The concentration and combination of UV filters determine the efficacy of sunscreens as measured by sun protection factor. The safety of individual UV filters, and, more generally, sunscreen products, is a matter of a few related components: objective toxicologic evaluation, phototoxicologic potential, and human health consequences of using products that may reduce some but not all of the solar UV. Of 16 UV filters approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 9 are used in different combinations in the most currently marketed sunscreens. Most of these compounds are considered safe and effective alone or in combination with other UV filters based on extensive toxicologic/phototoxicologic evaluations and market history. The benefits from proper use of sunscreens outweigh real or perceived human health concerns, establishing a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio. Future UV filters will require complete human safety evaluations alone and in combination with select benchmark ingredients.
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“The compound has an excellent safety profile with low irritation, phototoxicity and photoallergic potential (77).”
From Photoprotection: a Review of the Current and Future Technologies (2010) · cites this paper as [77]
In the citing paper
“Other attributes that make this chemical appealing to the sunscreen formulators are its water resistant property and low skin irritancy potential (77).”
From Photoprotection: a Review of the Current and Future Technologies (2010) · cites this paper as [77]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nanodiamond Particles: Properties and Perspectives for Bioapplications
Schrand, A. M., Hens, S. A. C., & Shenderova, O. A. (2009) · Critical reviews in solid state and materials sciences/CRC critical reviews in solid state and materials sciences · doi:10.1080/10408430902831987 · Cited by 810
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nash, J.
- Affiliations
- Procter & Gamble (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nash, JF.
- ORCID
- Nash, JF.
- Venue
- Dermatologic Clinics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-51
- ISSN
- 0733-8635 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100316165
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Dermatologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- UV filters, sunscreen safety, sunscreen efficacy, sun protection factor, phototoxicity, toxicology, risk-benefit assessment
- MeSH terms
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Humans, Sunscreening Agents, Risk Assessment, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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