Cited by 126Skin Protection and AgingContact Dermatitis and Allergiesmelanin and skin pigmentation

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Human Safety and Efficacy of Ultraviolet Filters and Sunscreen Products

Nash, JF.·2006·Dermatologic Clinics

DOI 10.1016/j.det.2005.09.006

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Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) filters are the active ingredients in sunscreens. The concentration and combination of UV filters determine the efficacy of sunscreens as measured by sun protection factor. The safety of individual UV filters, and, more generally, sunscreen products, is a matter of a few related components: objective toxicologic evaluation, phototoxicologic potential, and human health consequences of using products that may reduce some but not all of the solar UV. Of 16 UV filters approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 9 are used in different combinations in the most currently marketed sunscreens. Most of these compounds are considered safe and effective alone or in combination with other UV filters based on extensive toxicologic/phototoxicologic evaluations and market history. The benefits from proper use of sunscreens outweigh real or perceived human health concerns, establishing a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio. Future UV filters will require complete human safety evaluations alone and in combination with select benchmark ingredients.

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Authors: Nash, J.
Affiliations: Procter & Gamble (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Nash, JF.
ORCID: Nash, JF.
Venue: Dermatologic Clinics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 35-51
ISSN: 0733-8635 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2005.09.006
OpenAlex: W2100316165
Cited by: 126
References: 158
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 1.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Dermatologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Keywords: UV filters, sunscreen safety, sunscreen efficacy, sun protection factor, phototoxicity, toxicology, risk-benefit assessment
MeSH terms: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Humans, Sunscreening Agents, Risk Assessment, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

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Human Safety and Efficacy of Ultraviolet Filters and Sunscreen Products

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