DGAT1-Dependent Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Protects Mitochondrial Function during Starvation-Induced Autophagy
Open accessAbstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) provide an "on-demand" source of fatty acids (FAs) that can be mobilized in response to fluctuations in nutrient abundance. Surprisingly, the amount of LDs increases during prolonged periods of nutrient deprivation. Why cells store FAs in LDs during an energy crisis is unknown. Our data demonstrate that mTORC1-regulated autophagy is necessary and sufficient for starvation-induced LD biogenesis. The ER-resident diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) selectively channels autophagy-liberated FAs into new, clustered LDs that are in close proximity to mitochondria and are lipolytically degraded. However, LDs are not required for FA delivery to mitochondria but instead function to prevent acylcarnitine accumulation and lipotoxic dysregulation of mitochondria. Our data support a model in which LDs provide a lipid buffering system that sequesters FAs released during the autophagic degradation of membranous organelles, reducing lipotoxicity. These findings reveal an unrecognized aspect of the cellular adaptive response to starvation, mediated by LDs.
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A mechanism adapted by cells in peripheral organs to control lipotoxicity is to sequester free FAs as TAG in intracellular LDs.
“A mechanism adapted by cells in peripheral organs to control lipotoxicity is to sequester free FAs as triacylglycerol (TAG) in intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) (Nguyen et al., 2017).”
From ApoE4 Impairs Neuron-Astrocyte Coupling of Fatty Acid Metabolism (2021) · cites this paper as Nguyen et al., 2017
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Self-citationDuring autophagy mitochondria elongate, are spared from degradation and sustain cell viability
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“Cancer cell lines HCC1500 and SW780, which lack Nprl2 and exhibit decreased mTOR nutrient responsiveness (Bar-Peled et al., 2013) (Figure S4B), also showed reduced LD biogenesis during HBSS starvation (Figures S4C and S4D).”
The Secreted Enzyme PM20D1 Regulates Lipidated Amino Acid Uncouplers of Mitochondria
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- Authors
- Nguyen, T. B., Louie, S. M., Daniele, J. R., Tran, Q., Dillin, A., Zoncu, R., Nomura, D. K., & Olzmann, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Olzmann, James A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Developmental Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-21.e5
- ISSN
- 1534-5807 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5553613
- OpenAlex
- W2729569907
- Cited by
- 610
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 19.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 375 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Developmental Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (R00DK095921, R01GM112948, R01CA172667, T32DK061918)
- American Heart Association (16GRNT30870005)
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Keywords
- lipid droplets, DGAT1, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, autophagy, starvation, mTORC1, fatty acid mobilization, mitochondrial function, lipotoxicity, acylcarnitines, lipolysis
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Amino Acids, Animals, Autophagy, Carnitine, Humans, Isotope Labeling, Mitochondria, Models, Biological, Triglycerides, Palmitic Acid, Multiprotein Complexes, Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase, Mice, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Lipid Droplets
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