The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis
Open accessAbstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is caused by the iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids 1,2. The glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into non-toxic lipid alcohols 3,4. Ferroptosis has previously been implicated in the cell death that underlies several degenerative conditions 2, and induction of ferroptosis by the inhibition of GPX4 has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to trigger cancer cell death 5. However, sensitivity to GPX4 inhibitors varies greatly across cancer cell lines 6, which suggests that additional factors govern resistance to ferroptosis. Here, using a synthetic lethal CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identify ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) (previously known as apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial 2 (AIFM2)) as a potent ferroptosis-resistance factor. Our data indicate that myristoylation recruits FSP1 to the plasma membrane where it functions as an oxidoreductase that reduces coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ) (also known as ubiquinone-10), which acts as a lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidant that halts the propagation of lipid peroxides. We further find that FSP1 expression positively correlates with ferroptosis resistance across hundreds of cancer cell lines, and that FSP1 mediates resistance to ferroptosis in lung cancer cells in culture and in mouse tumour xenografts. Thus, our data identify FSP1 as a key component of a non-mitochondrial CoQ antioxidant system that acts in parallel to the canonical glutathione-based GPX4 pathway. These findings define a ferroptosis suppression pathway and indicate that pharmacological inhibition of FSP1 may provide an effective strategy to sensitize cancer cells to ferroptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agents.
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Lysotracker is a fluorescent acidotropic probe used to detect lysosome localization, quantify lysosome number and size, and monitor autophagy.
“Lysotracker is a fluorescent acidotropic probe for labeling and tracking acidic organelles in live cells, which has been used to detect lysosome localization, quantify the number and sizes of lysosomes48,49 and to monitor autophagy50,51.”
From Genome-wide CRISPRi/a screens in human neurons link lysosomal failure to ferroptosis (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
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“Recently, the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), previously known as apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial 2 (AIFM2), was identified as a key component of a non-mitochondrial CoQ10 (ubiquinone) antioxidant system that acts in parallel to the GPX4 canonical pathway to halt the progression of lipid peroxides [58…”
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- Authors
- Bersuker, K., Hendricks, J. M., Li, Z., Magtanong, L., Ford, B., Tang, P. H., Roberts, M. A., Tong, B., Maimone, T. J., Zoncu, R., Bassik, M. C., Nomura, D. K., Dixon, S. J., & Olzmann, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Olzmann, James A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-10-21
- Volume
- 575
- Issue
- 7784
- Pages
- 688-692
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6883167
- OpenAlex
- W2980472864
- Cited by
- 3,703
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 578 · 2025: 675 · 2024: 754 · 2023: 592 · 2022: 507 · 2021: 389 · 2020: 186 · 2019: 8 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 206.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (DP2CA195761)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM127763, R01GM112948, R01GM122923)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P42ES004705)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- ferroptosis, S100A4, AIFM2, GPX4, coenzyme Q10, oxidative enzymes, lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis resistance, myristoylation, plasma membrane, synthetic lethality, lung cancer, cancer cell death
- MeSH terms
- Ferroptosis, Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase, Animals, Cell Membrane, Humans, Lipid Peroxides, Male, Ubiquinone, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Mice, SCID, Mitochondrial Proteins, Cell Line, Tumor, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Mice, Heterografts
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