Glycemic control and self-monitoring of blood glucose in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin: Baseline results from the COMPASS study
Open accessAbstract
Aims Self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is not widely utilized in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. In this analysis, we evaluated the current state of SMBG in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Methods The 2-phase COMPASS study involved 24 centers across 10 provinces and cities in China. In the first phase, a cross sectional survey was carried out in type 2 diabetes patients receiving insulin treatment. The inclusion criteria for the study subjects in the first phase were: type 2 diabetes, insulin treatment for ≥ 3 months, and age ≥ 18 years. Evaluation was made on the status of SMBG and insulin therapy in these patients by a questionnaire. Results A total of 2819 patients (age 58.2 ± 10.8 years; 49.6% females; BMI 24.6 ± 3.4 kg/m(2)) with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes were recruited in phase I of this study. The majority of patients (80.4%) were receiving insulin treatment for at least 6 months. At baseline, the mean HbA1c was 8.5 ± 1.9% and 54.6% of patients had an HbA1c above 8%. 50.4% of the cohort had diabetes for at least 10 years, and fewer of these patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol). At baseline, 65.8% of patients reported that daily SMBG frequency was performed on a random basis. 59.2% of patients reported that they occasionally, rarely or never follow their physician's instructions regarding SMBG. Hypoglycemia occurred in over 50% of patients, although in 71.8% of patients this was a rare occurrence. Conclusions There is low utilization of SMBG in Chinese adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, with approximately two-thirds of patients reporting irregular use of SMBG. This is in line with an overall poor level of glycemic control.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Adherence to SMBG among people with T2DM in China is poor, including those on insulin therapy.
“Adherence to SMBG in people with T2DM is poor in China, even in those who are on insulin therapy.”
From Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
In cross-sectional studies of Chinese T2DM patients, only a minority (<25%) performed SMBG more than once per day or at least once a week.
“Different cross-sectional studies revealed that only a minority of the participants (< 25%) in these studies performed SMBG more than once per day or at least once a week”
From Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
In cross-sectional studies of Chinese T2DM patients, most (>70%) did not adhere to Chinese Diabetes Society or physician recommendations regarding frequency and timing of SMBG.
“most (> 70%) did not adhere to the recommendations of the Chinese Diabetes Society or their physician’s instructions regarding frequency and timing of SMBG [43–45].”
From Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
Power, D. V. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1593 · Cited by 8,672 · see citing works
Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035
Guariguata, L., Whiting, D. R., Hambleton, I., Beagley, J., Linnenkamp, U., & Shaw, J. E. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.002 · Cited by 4,642 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014
American Diabetes Association (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-s014 · Cited by 4,572 · see citing works
Prevalence and Control of Diabetes in Chinese Adults
Xu, Y. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.168118 · Cited by 2,710 · see citing works
Polonsky, W. H., Fisher, L., Schikman, C. H., Hinnen, D. A., Parkin, C. G., Jelsovsky, Z., Petersen, B., Schweitzer, M., & Wagner, R. S. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1732 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Tisnado, D. M., Adams, J., Liu, H., Damberg, C. L., Chen, W., Hu, F. A., Carlisle, D. M., Mangione, C. M., & Kahn, K. L. (2006) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000196952.15921.bf · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Fu, C., Wang, W., & Xu, B. (2010) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-8-62 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Concordance Between Respondent Self-reports and Medical Records for Chronic Conditions
Skinner, K. M., Miller, D. R., Lincoln, E., Lee, A. F., & Kazis, L. E. (2005) · Journal of Ambulatory Care Management · doi:10.1097/00004479-200504000-00002 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Durán, A., MARTÍN, P., Rünkle, I., PÉREZ, N., Abad, R., Fernández, M. L. A., del Valle, L., Sanz, F., & Calle‐Pascual, A. L. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2010.00081.x · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bergenstal, R. M., & Gavin, J. R. (2005) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.055 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Ji, L., Lu, J., Guo, X., Yang, W., Weng, J., Jia, W., Zou, D., Zhou, Z., Yu, D. M., Liu, J., et al. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-602 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationFranciosi, M., Lucisano, G., Pellegrini, F., Cantarello, A., Consoli, A., Cucco, L., Ghidelli, R., Sartore, G., Sciangula, L., Nicolucci, A., et al. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03268.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Polonsky, W. H., Fisher, L., Schikman, C. H., Hinnen, D. A., Parkin, C. G., Jelsovsky, Z., Axel-Schweitzer, M., Petersen, B., & Wagner, R. S. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0073 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Kempf, K., Kruse, J., & Martin, S. (2010) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-care practices of Chinese individuals with diabetes
ZHOU, Y., Liao, L., Sun, M., & He, G. (2013) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2013.945 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Bonomo, K., De Salve, A., Fiora, E., Mularoni, E., Massucco, P., Poy, P., Pomero, A., Cavalot, F., Anfossi, G., & Trovati, M. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.021 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose reduces glycated hemoglobin in insulin‐treated diabetes
Kato, N., Cui, J., & Kato, M. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12072 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Khamseh, M. E., Ansari, M., Malek, M., Shafiee, G., & Baradaran, H. (2011) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681100500228 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Shiraiwa, T., Takahara, M., Kaneto, H., Miyatsuka, T., Yamamoto, K., Yoshiuchi, K., Sakamoto, K., Matsuoka, T., Matsuhisa, M., Yamasaki, Y., et al. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2010.09.022 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Mohan, V., Ravikumar, R., Poongothai, S., Amutha, A., Sowmya, S., Karkhuzali, K., & Parkin, C. G. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681000400425 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Status of blood glucose control and treatment of type 2 diabetes in China
Ji, L., Lu, J., Guo, X., et al. (2012) · Chin J Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-5809.2012.07.004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- China Diabetes Society. China guideline for type 2 diabetes. Chin J Diabetes 2010;20(1):S1-6.
- Lu J, Ji L, Guo Xiao, Gu Wei. Glycemic and HbA1c controls of T2DM patients treated with human insulin in China. Chin J Diabetes 2013;21(9):803-6.
- China Diabetes Society. China Guideline for type 2 diabetes. China Diabetes Soc J 2011;3(1):13-21 [Chinese].
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pleus, S., Freckmann, G., Schauer, S., Heinemann, L., Ziegler, R., Ji, L., Mohan, V., Calliari, L. E., & Hinzmann, R. (2022) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01254-8 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, X., Luo, J.-F., Qi, L., Long, Q., Guo, J., & Wang, H.-H. (2019) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s211668 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ji, L., Su, Q., Feng, B., Shan, Z., Hu, R., Xing, X., & Xue, Y.
- Affiliations
- Peking University People's Hospital (CN)
- XinHua Hospital (CN)
- Tongji University (CN)
- First Hospital of China Medical University (CN)
- Huashan Hospital (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Nanfang Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ji, L
- Su, Q
- Feng, B
- Shan, Z
- Hu, R
- Xing, X
- Xue, Y
- Venue
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 112
- Pages
- 82-87
- ISSN
- 0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2232833523
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 5.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- self-monitoring of blood glucose, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, glycemic control, HbA1c, hypoglycemia, Chinese patients, COMPASS study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Glucose, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Prevalence, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
