Adherence to self-monitoring of blood glucose in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: current status and influential factors based on electronic questionnaires
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is important to the management of diabetes mellitus, yet most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not perform SMBG as recommended. The current status and influential factors of SMBG in China have not been well investigated. This study aimed to describe the present status of SMBG adherence in China and investigate the influential factors based on electronic questionnaires. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July of 2017 at hospitals in Changsha, China. Seven hundred and twenty-one patients with T2DM completed the information‑motivation‑behavioral (IMB) skills questionnaire and other electronic questionnaires composed of demographic and clinical characteristics as well as diabetes-related and psychological scales. Univariate comparisons and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationships among SMBG adherence and related factors. RESULTS: Seven hundred and twenty-one patients with valid questionnaires were included. Only 27.5% (198/721) of the patients with T2DM were SMBG adherent based on the guideline of the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) in 2017. Among all groups of treatment regimens, the rate of SMBG adherence was highest at 36.6% (82/224) in patients on oral hypoglycaemic drugs (OHAs). In multivariable analysis, the treatment of OHAs (OR =3.731, CI 2.162-6.437) and diet/exercise (OR =3.534, CI 1.841-6.783), the patient having their own blood glucose meter (OR =6.916, CI 4.054-11.800) and a higher education level (OR =3.780, CI 1.688-8.466) were significantly associated with SMBG adherence. CONCLUSION: Most Chinese patients with T2DM did not perform SMBG as recommended. The treatment of OHAs and diet/exercise, the patient having their own blood glucose meter, a higher education level and other factors were correlates of SMBG adherence. There is clearly a need for prospective, multicenter, large-scale studies to explore the reasons for patients' failure to practice SMBG adherence.
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Adherence to SMBG among people with T2DM in China is poor, including those on insulin therapy.
“Adherence to SMBG in people with T2DM is poor in China, even in those who are on insulin therapy.”
From Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
In cross-sectional studies of Chinese T2DM patients, most (>70%) did not adhere to Chinese Diabetes Society or physician recommendations regarding frequency and timing of SMBG.
“most (> 70%) did not adhere to the recommendations of the Chinese Diabetes Society or their physician’s instructions regarding frequency and timing of SMBG [43–45].”
From Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
In cross-sectional studies of Chinese T2DM patients, only a minority (<25%) performed SMBG more than once per day or at least once a week.
“Different cross-sectional studies revealed that only a minority of the participants (< 25%) in these studies performed SMBG more than once per day or at least once a week”
From Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose as an Integral Part in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wang, X., Luo, J.-F., Qi, L., Long, Q., Guo, J., & Wang, H.-H.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Guo, Jia
- Venue
- Patient Preference and Adherence
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- Volume 13
- Pages
- 1269-1282
- ISSN
- 1177-889X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6662864
- OpenAlex
- W2963263776
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Patient Preference and Adherence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- self-monitoring of blood glucose, type 2 diabetes, adherence, Chinese patients, oral antidiabetic drugs, diet and exercise, educational attainment, treatment regimens
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