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Long-term and recent trends in survival and life expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes in Finland

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Arffman, Martti, Hakkarainen, Pirjo, Keskimäki, Ilmo, Oksanen, Tuula, Sund, Reijo·2023·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110580
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Abstract

AIMS: Type 1 diabetes has been associated with a significant reduction in life expectancy. Major advances in treatment of type 1 diabetes have been associated with improved survival. However, life expectancy for type 1 diabetes under contemporary care is not known. METHODS: Health care registers were used to obtain data on all people with type 1 diabetes in Finland in 1964-2017 and their mortality in 1972-2017. Survival analyses were used to study long-term trends in survival and abridged period life table methods to calculate life expectancy estimates. Causes of death were examined to consider development. RESULTS: Study data included 42,936 persons with type 1 diabetes and 6,771 deaths. Kaplan-Meier curves showed improved survival during the study period. In 2017, the remaining life expectancy at the age of 20 for a person diagnosed for type 1 diabetes was estimated to be 51.64 (95% CI: 51.51, 51.78) years which was 9.88 (9.74, 10.01) years lower than for the general Finnish population. CONCLUSIONS: We found improved survival among persons with type 1 diabetes during the last decades. However, their life expectancy remained significantly below that of the general Finnish population. Our results call for further innovations and improvements in diabetes care.

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  • Improvements in the average life expectancy of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus have contributed to the growing number of older people living with this disease.

    “Improvements in the average life expectancy of people with T1DM have also contributed to the growing number of older people living with this disease.”

    From The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults (2025) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Discussion reports improved survival among people with type 1 diabetes in Finland from 1972 to 2017, and the Results report a marked increase in average age at death. The paper does not establish that the number of older people living with type 1 diabetes has grown or measure how much improved life expectancy contributed to such growth. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • In Finland, mortality in 2017 ranged from 25.5 per 1,000 persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 60-64 years to 76.4 per 1,000 persons aged 75-79 years.

    “In Finland, mortality in 2017 ranged from 25.5 per 1,000 persons with T1DM aged 60–64 years to 76.4 per 1,000 persons aged 75–79 years5.”

    From The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults (2025) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Results section reports survival and life expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes in Finland, but not the claimed 2017 mortality rates for ages 60–64 and 75–79. Searches for 25.5, 76.4, and those age groups found no matching rates in our copy. No page numbers were available for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Authors
Arffman, M., Hakkarainen, P., Keskimäki, I., Oksanen, T., & Sund, R.
Affiliations
  • Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
  • University of Eastern Finland (FI)
Corresponding author
Arffman, Martti
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-04
Volume
198
Pages
110580
ISSN
0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110580
OpenAlex
W4321350548
Cited by
58
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 3
FWCI
12.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Strategic Research Council (336328)
  • Academy of Finland
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords
type 1 diabetes, life expectancy, survival trends, mortality, remaining life expectancy, causes of death, diabetes management, Finland
MeSH terms
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Finland, Humans, Life Expectancy, Survival Analysis

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