The DOI matches its Crossref record; 250 of the 275 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical, molecular, and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Coronaviruses are an extensive family of viruses that can cause disease in both animals and humans. The current classification of coronaviruses recognizes 39 species in 27 subgenera that belong to the family Coronaviridae. From those, at least 7 coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections in humans. Four of these viruses can cause common cold-like symptoms. Those that infect animals can evolve and become infectious to humans. Three recent examples of these viral jumps include SARS CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS CoV-2 virus. They are responsible for causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the most recently discovered coronavirus disease during 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. The rapid spread of the disease has taken the scientific and medical community by surprise. Latest figures from 20 May 2020 show more than 5 million people had been infected with the virus, causing more than 330,000 deaths in over 210 countries worldwide. The large amount of information received daily relating to COVID-19 is so abundant and dynamic that medical staff, health authorities, academics and the media are not able to keep up with this new pandemic. In order to offer a clear insight of the extensive literature available, we have conducted a comprehensive literature review of the SARS CoV-2 Virus and the Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Key risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 include advanced age (>80 years), diabetes, obesity, male gender, and hypertension (8–12).”
From Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
4 retracted
Items 201–250 of 250
Rapid Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Using a CRISPR-based DETECTR Lateral Flow AssayPreprint
Broughton, J. P., Deng, X., Yu, G., Fasching, C. L., Singh, J., Streithorst, J. A., Granados, A. C., Sotomayor-González, A., Zorn, K. C., Gopez, A., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.20032334 · Cited by 140
Tamerius, J. D., Shaman, J. L., Alonso, W. J., Bloom‐Feshbach, K., Uejio, C. K., Comrie, A. C., & Viboud, C. G. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/annotation/df689228-603f-4a40-bfbf-a38b13f88147 · Cited by 139
Neutralizing Antibody Response and SARS Severity
Ho, M., Chen, W., Chen, H., Lin, S.-F., Wang, M.-C., Di, J., Lu, Y., Liu, C., Chang, S., Chao, C.-L., et al. (2005) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1111.040659 · Cited by 138
Seasonality of Influenza in the Tropics: A Distinct Pattern in Northeastern Brazil
Moura, F., Perdigão, A. C. B., & Siqueira, M. M. (2009) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.81.180 · Cited by 134
Recognition of viral single-stranded RNA by Toll-like receptors☆
Diebold, S. S. (2008) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.004 · Cited by 131
Giri, R., Bhardwaj, T., Shegane, M., Gehi, B. R., Kumar, P., Gadhave, K., Oldfield, C. J., & Uversky, V. N. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03603-x · Cited by 125
Keicho, N., Itoyama, S., Kashiwase, K., Phi, N. C., Long, H. T., Hà, L. D., Ban, V. V., Hoa, B. K., Hang, N. T. L., Hijikata, M., et al. (2009) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2009.05.006 · Cited by 124
Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome
Alraddadi, B. M., Qushmaq, I. A., Al-Hameed, F. M., Mandourah, Y., Almekhlafi, G. A., Jose, J., Al‐Omari, A., Kharaba, A. M., Almotairi, A., Khatib, K. A., et al. (2019) · Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses · doi:10.1111/irv.12635 · Cited by 124
Loh, N. H. W., Tan, Y., Taculod, J. M., Gorospe, B., Teope, A. S., Somani, J., & Tan, A. Y. H. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-020-01634-3 · Cited by 123
Chen, W., Du, L., Chag, S., Ma, C., Tricoche, N., Tao, X., Seid, C. A., Hudspeth, E. M., Lustigman, S., Tseng, C.-T. K., et al. (2013) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.4161/hv.27464 · Cited by 118
The Search for Optimal Oxygen Saturation Targets in Critically Ill Patients
van den Boom, W., Hoy, M., Sankaran, J., Liu, M., Chahed, H., Feng, M., & See, K. C. (2019) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2019.09.015 · Cited by 116
Noninvasive Ventilation for Patients with Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure
Lefebvre, J.-C., Cordioli, R. L., Akoumianaki, E., Richard, J.-C., & Brochard, L. J. (2014) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1383863 · Cited by 105
Nicolaides, C., Avraam, D., Cueto‐Felgueroso, L., González, M. C., & Juanes, R. (2019) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.13438 · Cited by 102
Petrucci, N., & Iacovelli, W. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003844.pub2 · Cited by 97
Antibody tests in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection: a meta-analysisPreprint
Kontou, P. I., Braliou, G. G., Dimou, N. L., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.20074914 · Cited by 97
Immunogenicity of Candidate MERS-CoV DNA Vaccines Based on the Spike Protein
Alamri, S. S., Abbas, A. T., Siddiq, L. A., Alghamdi, A., Sanki, M. A., Al‐Muhanna, M. K., Alhabbab, R. Y., Azhar, E. I., Li, X., & Hashem, A. M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44875 · Cited by 93
The antiviral effect of interferon-beta against SARS-Coronavirus is not mediated by MxA protein
Spiegel, M., Pichlmair, A., Mühlberger, E., Haller, O., & Weber, F. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2003.11.013 · Cited by 85
Epidemiological and virological influenza survey in Dakar, Senegal: 1996-1998.
Dosseh, A. R. G. A., Ndiaye, K., Spiegel, A., Sagna, M., & Mathiot, C. C. (2000) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.639 · Cited by 85
Hajeer, A. H., Balkhy, H. H., Johani, S. A., Yousef, M. Z., & Arabi, Y. M. (2016) · Annals of Thoracic Medicine · doi:10.4103/1817-1737.185756 · Cited by 84
Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic: a veterinary perspective.
Lorusso, A., Calistri, P., Petrini, A., Savini, G., & Decaro, N. (2020) · Veterinaria italiana · doi:10.12834/vetit.2173.11599.1 · Cited by 75
Johani, S. A., & Hajeer, A. H. (2016) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2016.04.005 · Cited by 68
Quantifying the role of weather on seasonal influenza
Roussel, M., Pontier, D., Cohen, J., Lina, B., & Fouchet, D. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3114-x · Cited by 65
Mechanisms of innate immune evasion in re-emerging RNA viruses
Ma, D. Y., & Suthar, M. S. (2015) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2015.02.005 · Cited by 64
Influenza surveillance in Pune, India, 1978-90.
Rao, B. L., & Banerjee, K. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 60
Influenza seasonality: timing and formulation of vaccines
Cox, N. J. (2014) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.14.139428 · Cited by 58
Fielding‐Singh, V., Matthay, M. A., & Calfee, C. S. (2018) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000003406 · Cited by 57
Critique of World Health Organization Recommendation of a Dengue Vaccine
Halstead, S. B. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw340 · Cited by 52
Caini, S., Guerche‐Séblain, C. E., Ciblak, M. A., & Paget, J. (2018) · Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses · doi:10.1111/irv.12544 · Cited by 52
An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics
Cirino, C. K., Mazzola, L. T., Chua, A., Oxenford, C. J., & Kerkhove, M. D. V. (2019) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001105 · Cited by 51
HIV-1 did not contribute to the 2019-nCoV genome
Xiao, C., Li, X., Liu, S., Sang, Y., Gao, S., & Gao, F. (2020) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1727299 · Cited by 50
(2019) · Case Medical Research · doi:10.31525/cmr-24ab0c1 · Cited by 50
Licensed Dengue Vaccine: Public Health Conundrum and Scientific Challenge
Halstead, S. B. (2016) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0222 · Cited by 49
Perera, R., Ding, X. C., Tully, F., Oliver, J., Bright, N., Bell, D., Chiodini, P. L., González, I. J., & Polley, S. D. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171126 · Cited by 48
Jazieh, A. R., Hadab, A. A., Olayan, A. A., Alhejazi, A., Safi, F. A., Qarni, A. A., Farooqui, F., Mutairi, N. A., & Alenazi, T. H. (2020) · JCO Global Oncology · doi:10.1200/go.20.00063 · Cited by 48
Ortiz‐Prado, E., Simbaña‐Rivera, K., Diaz, A. M., Barreto, A., Moyano, C. E., Arcos, V., Vásconez-González, J., Paz, C., Simbaña-Guaycha, F., Molestina-Luzuriaga, M., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.05.08.20095943 · Cited by 40
Self-citationA Tale of Two Viruses: Does Heterologous Flavivirus Immunity Enhance Zika Disease?
Sariol, C. A., Nogueira, M. L., & Vasilakis, N. (2017) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.004 · Cited by 35
Influence of extreme weather and meteorological anomalies on outbreaks of influenza A (H1N1)
Xiao, H., Tian, H., Lin, X., Gao, L., Dai, X.-Y., Zhang, X., Chen, B., Zhao, J., & Xu, J.-Z. (2012) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5571-7 · Cited by 34
Mendelson, M. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.030 · Cited by 34
Park, G.-S., Ku, K. B., Baek, S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.983064 · Cited by 32
Møller, M. H., Granholm, A., Junttila, E., Haney, M., Oscarsson‐Tibblin, A., Haavind, A., Laake, J. H., Wilkman, E., Sverrisson, K., & Perner, A. (2018) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.13089 · Cited by 31
Giri, R., Bhardwaj, T., Shegane, M., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.13.990598 · Cited by 30
Martínez-Vega, R. A., Carrasquila, G., Luna, E. J. D. A., & Ramos‐Castañeda, J. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.004 · Cited by 29
Liu, B., Ma, F., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Mo, H., & Xu, B. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200221-00110 · Cited by 26
Simbaña‐Rivera, K., Gómez‐Barreno, L., Guerrero, J., Simbaña-Guaycha, F., Fernández, R., López‐Cortés, A., Lister, A. J. J., & Ortiz‐Prado, E. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.04.25.20079863 · Cited by 26
Self-citationAnalysis of Commercial Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies or Antigens
González, J. M., Shelton, W. J., Díaz-Vallejo, M., Rodriguez-Castellanos, V. E., Zuluaga, J. D. H., Chamorro, D. F., & Arroyo‐Ariza, D. (2020) · Open Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4236/oji.2020.102003 · Cited by 21
“If Clinically Indicated:” Is It?
Ginsberg, L. E. (2010) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.09091736 · Cited by 17
Yasuda, H., Nishimura, T., Kamo, T., Sanui, M., Nango, E., Abe, T., Takebayashi, T., Lefor, A. K., & Hashimoto, S. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015091 · Cited by 15
González, J. M., Shelton, W. J., Díaz-Vallejo, M., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.20061150 · Cited by 15
Dengue Vaccine Efficacy: Not a Zero Sum Game
Halstead, S. B. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw458 · Cited by 12
[Surgical treatment strategy for digestive system malignancies during the outbreak of COVID-19].
Ma, F., Hu, H., & Tian, Y. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200223-00117 · Cited by 9
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- Abbott, 2020, Abbott launches Novel Coronavirus Test, Abbott
- Bao, 2020, Reinfection could not occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques, bioRxiv
- Cao, 2020, A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe COVID-19, N Engl J Med, 382, 1787, 10.1056/NEJMoa2001282 · DOI
- Chen, 2020, Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, Lancet, 395, 507, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7 · DOI · Paper page
- 2020, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry
- Cohen, 2020, KupferschmidtFeb. 11 K, 2020, Pm 5:15. Labs scramble to spot hidden coronavirus infections, Science | AAAS
- Corman, 2020, Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR, Euro Surveill Bull Eur Sur Mal Transm Eur Commun Dis Bull, 25, 1
- Coronavirus Update, 2020, Hologic molecular test receives FDA Emergency Use Authorization, Hologic
- Duan, 2020, Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 117, 9490, 10.1073/pnas.2004168117 · DOI
- Feng, 2020, Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic, Lancet Respir Med, 8, 434, 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30134-X · DOI
- Guan, 2020, Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med, 19, 1
- Hoffmann, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 Cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor article SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor, Cell, 181, 1, 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 · DOI · Paper page
- Hopkins, 2020, Drugmaker Takeda is working on coronavirus drug, Wall Street J
- Huang, 2020, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China The Lancet, 395, 497, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Medical Association A, 2019, COVID-19, JAMA, 2019
- Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G. Imported from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30627-9/fulltext?utm_campaign=tlcoronavirus20&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social. Lancet. 2020;2:10–3.
- Shen, 2015, cr ip t ce pt e d us cr ip t Ac ce pt us, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol J Eur Coll Neuropsychopharmacol, 26, 1
- Wang, 2020, Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA - J Am Med Assoc, 1
- Zeng, 2020, Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on viral shedding and survival in COVID-19 patients, J Infect Dis, jiaa228
Cited by
Sorted by citations
COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression
Mehta, P., McAuley, D. F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R. S., & Manson, J. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30628-0 · Cited by 9,664
A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans
Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T. H. O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., Jiang, K., Arunkumar, G. A., Jurczyszak, D., Polanco, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5 · Cited by 1,769
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates
Kyriakidis, N. C., López‐Cortés, A., Vásconez-González, J., Barreto-Grimaldos, A., & Ortiz‐Prado, E. (2021) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00292-w · Cited by 700
Self-citationTali, S. H. S., LeBlanc, J. J., Sadiq, Z., Oyewunmi, O. D., Camargo, C., Nikpour, B., Armanfard, N., Sagan, S. M., & Jahanshahi‐Anbuhi, S. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00228-20 · Cited by 430
Plastics in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Protector or polluter?
Parashar, N., & Hait, S. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144274 · Cited by 376
Metadata
- Authors
- Ortiz-Prado, E., Simbaña-Rivera, K., Gómez- Barreno, L., Rubio-Neira, M., Guaman, L. P., Kyriakidis, N. C., Muslin, C., Jaramillo, A. M. G., Barba-Ostria, C., Cevallos-Robalino, D., Sanches-SanMiguel, H., Unigarro, L., Zalakeviciute, R., Gadian, N., & López-Cortés, A.
- Affiliations
- Pediatric Hospital "Baca Ortiz" (EC)
- Universidad de Las Américas (EC)
- Hospital General del Sur de Quito, IESS (EC)
- SOLCA Núcleo de Quito (EC)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Venue
- Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 115094
- ISSN
- 0732-8893 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7260568
- OpenAlex
- W3017016822
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 275
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 151 · 2020: 65
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease (publishedVersion)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, coronavirus, Coronaviridae, SARS, MERS, zoonotic transmission, respiratory infections, pandemic, clinical characterization, molecular characterization
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Virus Replication, HIV Infections, Genome, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review