Reactions and enzymes in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics
Abstract
In this article, we offer an overview of the compared quantitative importance of biotransformation reactions in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics, based on a meta-analysis of current research interests. Also, we assess the relative significance the enzyme (super)families or categories catalysing these reactions. We put the facts unveiled by the analysis into a drug discovery context and draw some implications. The results confirm the primary role of cytochrome P450-catalysed oxidations and UDP-glucuronosyl-catalysed glucuronidations, but they also document the marked significance of several other reactions. Thus, there is a need for several drug discovery scientists to better grasp the variety of drug metabolism reactions and enzymes and their consequences.
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A meta-analysis of the metabolic fate of more than 1000 xenobiotics showed that cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidations (40%) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase glucuronidations (14%) were most common, followed by dehydrogenases (8%), hydrolases (7%), glutathione-S-transferases (6%), and sulfatases (5%).
“A recent meta-analysis (68) of the metabolic fate of .1000xenobiotics showed that cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxidations (40%) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase glucuronidations (14%) were the most common followed by reactions involving dehydrogenases (8%), hydrolases (7%), glutathione-S-transferases (6%), and sulfatases (5%).”
From The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure (2014) · cites this paper as [68]
The yield of phase I/II reactions is often very high, and host-transformed metabolites retain many features of their parent compounds.
“The yield of phase I/II reactions are often very high (68,71), and host-transformed metabolites retain many of the features of their parent compounds.”
From The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure (2014) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Testa, B., Pedretti, A., & Vistoli, G.
- Affiliations
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Testa, Bernard
- Venue
- Drug Discovery Today
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 11-12
- Pages
- 549-560
- ISSN
- 1359-6446 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075550795
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug Discovery Today (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Keywords
- drug metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, glucuronidation, drug-metabolizing enzymes, enzyme superfamilies, drug discovery
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biochemical Phenomena, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Enzymes, Humans, Substrate Specificity, Xenobiotics, Molecular Structure, Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I, Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II, Drug Discovery, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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