The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Double-blind fluoxetine trial in comorbid MDD-CUD youth and young adults.
Open accessAbstract
Objective This study compared the acute phase (12-week) efficacy of fluoxetine versus placebo for the treatment of the depressive symptoms and the cannabis use of adolescents and young adults with comorbid major depression (MDD) and a cannabis use disorder (CUD) (cannabis dependence or cannabis abuse). We hypothesized that fluoxetine would demonstrate efficacy versus placebo for the treatment of the depressive symptoms and the cannabis use of adolescents and young adults with comorbid MDD/CUD.Methods We conducted the first double-blind placebo-controlled study of fluoxetine in adolescents and young adults with comorbid MDD/CUD. All participants in both treatment groups also received manual-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivation enhancement therapy (MET) during the 12-week course of the study.Results Fluoxetine was well tolerated in this treatment population. No significant group-by-time interactions were noted for any depression-related or cannabis-use related outcome variable over the 12-week study. Subjects in both the fluoxetine group and the placebo group showed significant within-group improvement in depressive symptoms and in number of DSM diagnostic criteria for a CUD. Large magnitude decreases in depressive symptoms were noted in both treatment groups, and end-of-study levels of depressive symptoms were low in both treatment groups.Conclusions Fluoxetine did not demonstrate greater efficacy than placebo for treating either the depressive symptoms or the cannabis-related symptoms of our study sample of comorbid adolescents and young adults. The lack of a significant between-group difference in these symptoms may reflect limited medication efficacy, or may result from efficacy of the CBT/MET psychotherapy or from limited sample size.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148
Regier, D. A. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450190043026 · Cited by 3,962
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders
Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., & Gibbon, M. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,582
Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity: A Patient-Level Meta-analysis
Fournier, J. C., DeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Dimidjian, S., Amsterdam, J. D., Shelton, R. C., & Fawcett, J. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1943 · Cited by 2,009
Regier, D. A., Farmer, M. E., Rae, D. S., et al. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 1,913
Ostwald, P. F. (1960) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1960.14.4.817 · Cited by 1,422
Best Estimate of Lifetime Psychiatric Diagnosis
Leckman, J. F. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290080001001 · Cited by 1,418
Handbook of Psychiatric Measures
Salzman, C. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1343 · Cited by 1,172
Emslie, G. J. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230069010 · Cited by 971
Handbook of Psychiatric Measures
Rush, A. J., First, M. B., & Blacker, D. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 846
Sobell, L. C., Sobell, M. B., Leo, G. I., & Cancilla, A. (1988) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1988.tb00485.x · Cited by 777
Brent, D. A. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210125017 · Cited by 753
(2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1132 · Cited by 752
Comparison of extended versus brief treatments for marijuana use.
Stephens, R. S., Roffman, R. A., & Curtin, L. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.898 · Cited by 711
Emslie, G. J., Heiligenstein, J. H., Wagner, K. D., HOOG, S. L., ERNEST, D. E., Brown, E., Nilsson, M., & Jacobson, J. G. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200210000-00010 · Cited by 580
Prevalence of Marijuana Use Disorders in the United States: 1991-1992 and 2001-2002
Compton, W. M., Grant, B. F., Colliver, J. D., Glantz, M. D., & Stinson, F. S. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.17.2114 · Cited by 537
Treatment of Depression in Patients With Alcohol or Other Drug Dependence
Nunes, E. V., & LEVIN, F. R. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.15.1887 · Cited by 535
Comorbidity Between DSM–IV Alcohol and Specific Drug Use Disorders in the United States
Stinson, F., Grant, B. F., Dawson, D., Ruan, W., Huang, B.-J., & Saha, T. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.009 · Cited by 494
Ensuring balanced distribution of prognostic factors in treatment outcome research.
Stout, R. L., Wirtz, P. W., Carbonari, J. P., & Del Boca, F. K. (1994) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement · doi:10.15288/jsas.1994.s12.70 · Cited by 461
Cannabis use disorders in the USA: prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity
STINSON, F. S., RUAN, W. J., PICKERING, R., & GRANT, B. F. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008361 · Cited by 422
Clinical Outcome After Short-term Psychotherapy for Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder
Birmaher, B. B., Brent, D. A., Kolko, D. J., BAUGHER, M., Bridge, J. A., Holder, D., Iyengar, S., & Ulloa, R. E. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.1.29 · Cited by 374
Fluoxetine in Depressed Alcoholics
Cornelius, J. R. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830200024004 · Cited by 356
Self-citationBrief treatments for cannabis dependence: Findings from a randomized multisite trial
Babor, T. F., & The Marijuana Treatment Project Research Group (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.3.455 · Cited by 313
Rates of Psychiatric Comorbidity Among U.S. Residents with Lifetime Cannabis Dependence
Agosti, V., Nunes, E. V., & LEVIN, F. R. (2002) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1081/ada-120015873 · Cited by 306
Treating adult marijuana dependence: A test of the relapse prevention model.
Stephens, R. S., Roffman, R. A., & Simpson, E. E. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.62.1.92 · Cited by 270
Kadden, R. M., Kathleen, C., Donovan, D. M., Cooney, N. L., Monti, P. M., Abrams, D. B., Litt, M. D., & Hester, R. K. (2003) · Cited by 241
Sensitivity of psychiatric diagnosis based on the best estimate procedure
Kosten, T. A., & Rounsaville, B. J. (1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.9.1225 · Cited by 230
Treating adult marijuana dependence: A test of the relapse prevention model.
Stephens, R. S., Roffman, R. A., & Simpson, E. E. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.1.92 · Cited by 223
Fluoxetine versus placebo in preventing relapse of major depression in children and adolescents
Emslie, G. J., Kennard, B. D., Mayes, T. L., Nightingale-Teresi, J., Carmody, T., Hughes, C. W., Rush, A. J., Tao, R., & Rintelmann, J. W. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07091453 · Cited by 188
Inter-rater reliability of the SCID alcohol and substance use disorders section among adolescents
Martin, C. S., Pollock, N. K., Bukstein, O. G., & Lynch, K. G. (2000) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00119-2 · Cited by 184
Self-citationChanging the focus: the case for recognizing and treating cannabis use disorders
Dennis, M. L., Babor, T. F., Roebuck, M. C., & Donaldson, J. (2002) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.97.s01.10.x · Cited by 161
Riggs, P., Mikulich‐Gilbertson, S. K., Davies, R. D., Lohman, M., Klein, C., & Stover, S. K. (2007) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.11.1026 · Cited by 147
Marijuana use and the risk of Major Depressive Episode
Chen, C., Wagner, F. A., & Anthony, J. C. (2002) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-002-0541-z · Cited by 131
Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders: A Review of the Literature
Nordstrom, B. R., & LEVIN, F. R. (2007) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490701525665 · Cited by 125
Behavioral Side Effects of Fluoxetine in Children and Adolescents
Riddle, M. A., King, R. A., Hardin, M. T., Scahill, L. D., Ort, S. I., Chappell, P. B., Rasmusson, A. M., & Leckman, J. F. (1990) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1990.1.193 · Cited by 112
Cornelius, J. R., Chung, T. A., Martin, C. S., Wood, D. S., & Clark, D. B. (2008) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.02.001 · Cited by 102
Self-citationFestinger, D. S., Marlowe, D. B., Dugosh, K. L., Croft, J. R., & Arabia, P. L. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.02.007 · Cited by 101
PTSD contributes to teen and young adult cannabis use disorders
Cornelius, J. R., Kirisci, L., Reynolds, M., Clark, D. B., Hayes, J., & Tarter, R. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.007 · Cited by 80
Self-citationCornelius, J. R., Bukstein, O. G., Wood, D. S., Kirisci, L., Douaihy, A. B., & Clark, D. B. (2009) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.03.008 · Cited by 79
Self-citationManual-Guided Psychosocial Treatment
Carroll, K. M. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830220041007 · Cited by 70
Fluoxetine in adolescents with major depression and an alcohol use disorder
Cornelius, J. R., Bukstein, O. G., Birmaher, B. B., Salloum, I. M., Lynch, K. G., Pollock, N. K., Gershon, S., & Clark, D. B. (2001) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(00)00152-0 · Cited by 70
Self-citationJain, U., Birmaher, B. B., GARCIA, M., Al-Shabbout, M., & Ryan, N. D. (1992) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.1992.2.259 · Cited by 68
Marijuana Neurobiology and Treatment
Elkashef, A. M., Vocci, F. J., Huestis, M. A., Haney, M., Budney, A. J., Gruber, A. J., & el‐Guebaly, N. (2008) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897070802218166 · Cited by 60
Choosing a behavioral therapy platform for pharmacotherapy of substance users
Carroll, K. M., Kosten, T. R., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2004) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.007 · Cited by 58
Fluoxetine versus placebo for the marijuana use of depressed alcoholics
Cornelius, J. R., Salloum, I. M., Haskett, R. F., Ehler, J. G., Jarrett, P. J., Thase, M. E., & Perel, J. M. (1999) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00050-1 · Cited by 55
Self-citationThe Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trials Network (CAPTN)
March, J. S., Silva, S. G., Compton, S. N., Anthony, G., DeVeaugh-Geiss, J., Califf, R. M., & Krishnan, R. R. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200405000-00004 · Cited by 45
Cornelius, J. R., Clark, D. B., Bukstein, O. G., Birmaher, B. B., Salloum, I. M., & Brown, S. A. (2005) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.07.007 · Cited by 43
Self-citationPrevalence of Marijuana Use Disorders in the United States: 1991–1992 and 2001–2002
Stockman, J. A. (2006) · Yearbook of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0084-3954(07)70025-8 · Cited by 37
Biological Factors in Prepubertal Major Depression
Puig-Antich, J. (1986) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0090-4481-19861201-09 · Cited by 21
Handbook of Psychiatric Measures, Second Edition ★★★★
Daniel, D. G. (2008) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000314322.32910.ef · Cited by 17
Treatment of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.
Klein, R. G., & Slomkowski, C. L. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 16
Biological Factors in Prepubertal Major Depression
Puig-Antich, J. (1985) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19850601-10 · Cited by 9
Fluoxetine trial for the cannabis-related symptoms of comorbid adolescents
Cornelius, J. R., Bukstein, O. G., Clark, D. B., Matta, J., Salloum, I. M., & Wood, D. (2011) · Cited by 1
Self-citationEmslie (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1998)7:1
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kadden, 1994, vol. 5
- Miller, W.R., Zweben, A., DiClemente, C.C., Rychtarik, R.G. (1992). Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual. Project MATCH Monograph Series, vol. 2. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Washington, DC.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents
Hetrick, S. E., McKenzie, J. E., Cox, G. R., Simmons, M. B., & Merry, S. N. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004851.pub3 · Cited by 291
Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder: Current Science and Future Outlook
Sherman, B. J., & McRae‐Clark, A. L. (2016) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/phar.1747 · Cited by 223
Cox, G., Callahan, P., Churchill, R. C., Hunot, V., Merry, S., Parker, A. G., & Hetrick, S. E. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008324.pub3 · Cited by 218
New generation antidepressants for depression in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis
Hetrick, S. E., McKenzie, J. E., Bailey, A. P., Sharma, V., Moller, C. I., Badcock, P. B., Cox, G., Merry, S., & Meader, N. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013674.pub2 · Cited by 218
Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence.
Marshall, K., Gowing, L., Ali, R., & Le Foll, B. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008940.pub2 · Cited by 156
Metadata
- Authors
- Cornelius, J. R., Bukstein, O. G., Douaihy, A. B., Clark, D. B., Chung, T. A., Daley, D. C., Wood, D. S., & Brown, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cornelius, Jack R.
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 39-45
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2946416
- OpenAlex
- W2046264373
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50 DA05605, R01 DA019142, R01 DA14635, K02 DA017822)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01 AA013370, R01 AA13397, R01 AA14357, R21 AA016272, R01 AA015173, K24 AA15320, U01 AA016482, K02 AA000291)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Keywords
- fluoxetine, major depressive disorder, cannabis use disorder, comorbidities, adolescents, young adults, depressive symptoms, cognitive behavioral therapy, antidepressant efficacy, placebo comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Marijuana Abuse, Combined Modality Therapy, Major Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fluoxetine, Humans, Male, Placebos, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review