The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 100 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas
Abstract
This article reviews the available evidence on subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients who have adrenal incidentalomas. The authors' aim is to present up-to-date information on the most relevant issues of subclinical Cushing's syndrome by addressing the many uncertainties and controversies surrounding this ill-defined endocrine condition.
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In the citing paper
“Despite the absence of florid signs and symptoms, ACS in patients AI has been associated with hypertension (215), insulin resistance (216), type 2 diabetes mellitus (217), obesity (218), metabolic syndrome (219), and increased mortality (75).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [215]
In the citing paper
“Focusing on glucose metabolism, the prevalence of IGT or DM has been higher in patients with SCS than in cases of nonfunctioning adenoma or controls (, , , , , , ), but these data were not confirmed by other studies that found much the same prevalence of these comorbidities in SCS as in the overall series of AI and in the general population (, -).”
From Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Cushing Syndrome: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Management (2017) · cites this paper as [203]
In the citing paper
“in our and other authors' experience (1), the presence of signs and/or symptoms of cortisol excess is extremely rare in patients referred for the presence of an AI.”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“SH is estimated to be present in 5-30% of patients with adrenal masses serendipitously found by imaging for unrelated diseases [adrenal incidentalomas (AI)] (1,5).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, LDDST has been used to diagnose SH (18,40,41,55) without advantages, with the exception of patients affected with alcoholism, psychiatric disorders, and diabetes in whom this test may be more accurate (1,14,66).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The determination of ACTH levels after CRH does not seem to add any advantage (1,23,34,35,37,38,46) to screening for SH.”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The reason to screen for SH with a higher cutoff than that recommended for overt cortisol excess [1.8 g/dl (50 nmol/liter)] (66) is that in patients without signs or symptoms suggestive of hypercortisolism, the a priori possibility of having SH is estimated to be lower than that of a false-positive result (1).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, UFC should not be considered an adequate screening test for SH and should be used in combination with other tests or in specific populations (1,14).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Although it may reflect an autonomous ACTH-independent cortisol hypersecretion, available data do not demonstrate that low DHEAS concentration is a reliable index of SH (1,23,35), also considering that DHEAS levels decrease with age (77).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“The main pitfall of these studies is that the increased uptake of the radiotracer may simply reflect the presence of enlarged adrenal tissue rather than an increased cortisol secretion (1,35,78).”
From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
Malik, S., Wong, N. D., Franklin, S. S., Kamath, T. V., L'Italien, G. J., Pio, J. R., & Williams, G. R. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000140677.20606.0e · Cited by 1,837
Alexander, C. M., Landsman, P. B., Teutsch, S. M., & Haffner, S. M. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1210 · Cited by 1,475 · cited 1×
“Even if it is held that the metabolic syndrome is associated with enhanced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality [73,74], evidence of increased morbidity and mortality in patients who have clinically inapparent adrenal adenoma and subclinical Cushing’s syndrome or not, is lacking.”
BackgroundInsulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
Ginsberg, H. N. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10762 · Cited by 1,372
Diagnosis and complications of Cushing’s syndrome: a consensus statement
Arnaldi, G., Angeli, A., Atkinson, A. B., Bertagna, X., Cavagnini, F., Chrousos, G. P., Fava, G. A., Findling, J. W., Gaillard, R. C., Grossman, A. B., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030871 · Cited by 1,362
Self-citationManagement of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma")
Grumbach, M. M., Biller, B. M. K., Braunstein, G. D., Campbell, K. K., Carney, J. A., Godley, P. A., Harris, E. L., Lee, J. K. T., Oertel, Y. C., Posner, M. C., et al. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-5-200303040-00013 · Cited by 945 · cited 7×
“The traditional threshold of 5 lg/dL (138 nmol/L) was recommended in the NIH consensus statement [ 2 ]; however, some experts proposed using lower cut points to increase the detection of subclinical hypercortisolism [55].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA Survey on Adrenal Incidentaloma in Italy
Mantero, F. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.2.637 · Cited by 907
Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Masses*
Kloos, R. T., Gross, M. D., Francis, I. R., KOROBKIN, M. T., & Shapiro, B. (1995) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-16-4-460 · Cited by 869
Arlt, W., & Allolio, B. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13492-7 · Cited by 819
The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management
Mansmann, G., Lau, J., Balk, E., Rothberg, M., Miyachi, Y., & Bornstein, S. R. (2004) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0031 · Cited by 781
Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas
Barzon, L., Sonino, N., Fallo, F., Palu, G., & Boscaro, M. (2003) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1490273 · Cited by 642
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 100 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fassnacht, M., Arlt, W., Bancos, I., Dralle, H., Newell-Price, J., Sahdev, A., Tabarin, A., Terzolo, M., Tsagarakis, S., & Dekkers, O. M. (2016) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-16-0467 · Cited by 1,566
Self-citationFaßnacht, M., Tsagarakis, S., Terzolo, M., Tabarin, A., Sahdev, A., Newell-Price, J. D. C., Pelsma, I. C. M., Marina, L., Lorenz, K., Bancos, I., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad066 · Cited by 849
Self-citationAME Position Statement on adrenal incidentaloma
Terzolo, M., Stigliano, A., Chiodini, I., Loli, P., Furlani, L., Arnaldi, G., Reimondo, G., Pia, A., Toscano, V., Zini, M., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-1147 · Cited by 523
Self-citationUrine steroid metabolomics as a biomarker tool for detecting malignancy in adrenal tumors
Arlt, W., Biehl, M., Taylor, A. E., Hahner, S., Libé, R., Hughes, B. A., Schneider, P., Smith, D. J., Stiekema, H., Krone, N., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1565 · Cited by 458
Self-citationSherlock, M., Scarsbrook, A., Abbas, A., Fraser, S., Limumpornpetch, P., Dineen, R., & Stewart, P. M. (2020) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa008 · Cited by 347
“Despite the absence of florid signs and symptoms, ACS in patients AI has been associated with hypertension (215), insulin resistance (216), type 2 diabetes mellitus (217), obesity (218), metabolic syndrome (219), and increased mortality (75).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Terzolo, M., Bovio, S., Reimondo, G., Pia, A., Osella, G., Borretta, G., & Angeli, A.
- Affiliations
- Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga (IT)
- Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera S.Croce e Carle Cuneo (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Terzolo, Massimo
- Venue
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 423-439
- ISSN
- 0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2065618767
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- subclinical Cushing's syndrome, adrenal incidentaloma, adrenocortical hyperfunction, cortisol excess, adrenal adenoma
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms, Cushing Syndrome, Humans, Incidental Findings
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