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Cited by 179Pituitary Gland Disorders and TreatmentsAdrenal and Paraganglionic TumorsAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Subclinical Cushing’s syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas

Terzolo, Massimo, Bovio, Silvia, Reimondo, Giuseppe, Pia, Anna, Osella, Giangiacomo, Borretta, Giorgio, Angeli, Alberto·2005·Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.008
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Abstract

This article reviews the available evidence on subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients who have adrenal incidentalomas. The authors' aim is to present up-to-date information on the most relevant issues of subclinical Cushing's syndrome by addressing the many uncertainties and controversies surrounding this ill-defined endocrine condition.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.008

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95 of 95 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Autonomous cortisol secretion in patients with adrenal incidentaloma has been associated with hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and increased mortality.

    “Despite the absence of florid signs and symptoms, ACS in patients AI has been associated with hypertension (215), insulin resistance (216), type 2 diabetes mellitus (217), obesity (218), metabolic syndrome (219), and increased mortality (75).”

    From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [215]

  • The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes has been higher in patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome than in nonfunctioning adenoma or controls, but other studies did not confirm this.

    “Focusing on glucose metabolism, the prevalence of IGT or DM has been higher in patients with SCS than in cases of nonfunctioning adenoma or controls (, , , , , , ), but these data were not confirmed by other studies that found much the same prevalence of these comorbidities in SCS as in the overall series of AI and in the general population (, -).”

    From Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Cushing Syndrome: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Management (2017) · cites this paper as [203]

  • Signs and/or symptoms of cortisol excess are extremely rare in patients referred for adrenal incidentaloma.

    “in our and other authors' experience (1), the presence of signs and/or symptoms of cortisol excess is extremely rare in patients referred for the presence of an AI.”

    From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]

  • Subclinical hypercortisolism is estimated to affect 5-30% of patients with adrenal masses discovered incidentally by imaging.

    “SH is estimated to be present in 5-30% of patients with adrenal masses serendipitously found by imaging for unrelated diseases [adrenal incidentalomas (AI)] (1,5).”

    From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]

  • Low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing has been used to diagnose subclinical hypercortisolism without advantages, except possibly in patients with alcoholism, psychiatric disorders, or diabetes.

    “Similarly, LDDST has been used to diagnose SH (18,40,41,55) without advantages, with the exception of patients affected with alcoholism, psychiatric disorders, and diabetes in whom this test may be more accurate (1,14,66).”

    From Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical Hypercortisolism (2011) · cites this paper as [1]

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Authors
Terzolo, M., Bovio, S., Reimondo, G., Pia, A., Osella, G., Borretta, G., & Angeli, A.
Affiliations
  • Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga (IT)
  • Azienda Sanitaria Ospedaliera S.Croce e Carle Cuneo (IT)
Corresponding author
Terzolo, Massimo
ORCID
Venue
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-06
Volume
34
Issue
2
Pages
423-439
ISSN
0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.008
OpenAlex
W2065618767
Cited by
179
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 18
FWCI
1.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords
subclinical Cushing's syndrome, adrenal incidentaloma, adrenocortical hyperfunction, cortisol excess, adrenal adenoma
MeSH terms
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms, Cushing Syndrome, Humans, Incidental Findings

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