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Cited by 770Ionic liquids properties and applicationsEnvironmental Chemistry and AnalysisEnvironmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Evaluation of toxicity and biodegradability of choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents

Radošević, Kristina, Cvjetko Bubalo, Marina, Gaurina Srček, Višnje, Grgas, Dijana, Landeka Dragičević, Tibela, Radojčić Redovniković, Ivana·2015·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
DOI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.034
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Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been dramatically expanding in popularity as a new generation of environmentally friendly solvents with possible applications in various industrial fields, but their ecological footprint has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, three choline chloride-based DESs with glucose, glycerol and oxalic acid as hydrogen bond donors were evaluated for in vitro toxicity using fish and human cell line, phytotoxicity using wheat and biodegradability using wastewater microorganisms through closed bottle test. Obtained in vitro toxicity data on cell lines indicate that choline chloride: glucose and choline chloride:glycerol possess low cytotoxicity (EC50>10 mM for both cell lines) while choline chloride:oxalic acid possess moderate cytotoxicity (EC50 value 1.64 mM and 4.19 mM for fish and human cell line, respectively). Results on phytotoxicity imply that tested DESs are non-toxic with seed germination EC50 values higher than 5000 mg L(-1). All tested DESs were classified as'readily biodegradable' based on their high levels of mineralization (68-96%). These findings indicate that DESs have a green profile and a good prospect for a wider use in the field of green technologies.

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  1. Tanneberger, 2010, Assessment of chemicals: fish cells as an alternative to whole fish, Eawag. News, 68e, 25

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Metadata

Authors
Radošević, K., Cvjetko Bubalo, M., Gaurina Srček, V., Grgas, D., Landeka Dragičević, T., & Radojčić Redovniković, I.
Affiliations
University of Zagreb (HR)
ORCID
Venue
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-02
Volume
112
Pages
46-53
ISSN
0147-6513 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.034
OpenAlex
W2071385562
Semantic Scholar
6a1f8be259401f29e076cfbc4f89558cb19b0c3c
Cited by
770
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 85 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 20
FWCI
9.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia
  • University of Zagreb (0582261-7002223)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Ionic liquids properties and applications
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Keywords
deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride, toxicity, biodegradability, phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, glucose, glycerol, oxalic acid, mineralization, green solvents, wheat seed germination, fish cell lines, human cell lines
MeSH terms
Animals, Choline, Glucose, Glycerol, Hydrogen Bonding, Solvents, Triticum, Oxalic Acid, Wastewater

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