The effect of organic and conventional management on the yield and quality of wheat grown in a long-term field trial
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The performance of winter wheat was evaluated under organic (ORG) and conventional (CON) management systems in the Nafferton Factorial Systems Comparison (NFSC) long-term field trial. The present study separates out the crop protection and fertility management components of organic and conventional production systems using two levels each of crop protection (CP) and fertility management (FM). The experimental design provided the four combinations of crop protection and fertility (CON-CP CON-FM, CON-CP ORG-FM, ORG-CP CON-FM and ORG-CP ORG-FM) to evaluate their effects on yield, quality (protein content and hectolitre weight) and disease levels during the period 2004–2008. The conventional management system (CON-CP CON-FM) out-yielded the organic management system (ORG-CP ORG-FM) in all years by an average of 3.1tha−1, i.e. 7.9tha−1 vs. 4.8tha−1. Fertility management was the key factor identified limiting both yield and grain protein content in the ORG management system. The CON-FM produced on average a 3% higher protein content than ORG-FM in all years (12.5% vs. 9.7%). However the ORG-CP system produced higher protein levels than CON-CP although it was only in 2008 that this was statistically significant. In contrast to protein content it was ORG-FM which produced a higher hectolitre weight than the CON-FM system (71.6kghl−1 vs. 71.0kghl−1). The clear and significant differences in yield and protein content between the ORG-FM and CON-FM systems suggest a limited supply of available N in the organic fertility management system which is also supported by the significant interaction effect of the preceding crop on protein content. The pRDA showed that although fertilisation had the greatest effect on yield, quality and disease there was also a considerable effect of crop protection and the environment.
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Previous studies have linked lower protein concentrations to lower N inputs and N availability in organic crop production systems.
“The concentrations of proteins, amino acids and N (which are known to be positively correlated in plants) were found to be lower in organic crops, and this is consistent with the results of previous studies that have linked lower protein concentrations to lower N inputs and N availability in organic crop production systems( 61 , 62 ).”
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- Authors
- Bilsborrow, P., Cooper, J., Tétard-Jones, C., Średnicka-Tober, D., Barański, M., Eyre, M., Schmidt, C., Shotton, P., Volakakis, N., Cakmak, I., Ozturk, L., Leifert, C., & Wilcockson, S.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Science and Technology Park of Crete (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Bilsborrow, Paul
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Agronomy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 71-80
- ISSN
- 1161-0301 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167286857
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 6.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Agronomy (publishedVersion)
- Sabanci University (acceptedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Organic Food and Agriculture
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques
- Keywords
- winter wheat, organic farming, conventional farming, crop protection, fertility management, grain yield, grain protein content, test weight, grain quality, crop diseases, nitrogen availability, preceding crop effects, long-term field experiment
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