Epidemiology of hirsutism among women of reproductive age in the community: a simplified scoring system
Abstract
Objective The purpose of our research was to generate large sample evidence for the clinical diagnostic criteria of hirsutism and to simplify the modified Ferriman-Galwey (mF-G) scoring system for Asian women.Study design This study was a large-scale, cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation conducted in 10 provinces of China. A total of 10,120 reproductive-age women in the community were involved in using the mF-G scoring system to evaluate hirsutism.Results Of the participants, 95.5% had an mF-G score <5. The strongest contributors to the nine mF-G positions were upper lip, thighs, and lower abdomen. If the cut-off value was set at 2 for these 3 areas, the area under the ROC curve was 0.987 (95% CI 0.983-0.992), which had a sensitivity of 98.7% and a specificity 91.0%. The percentage of hirsutism (mF-G score >4) and the average mF-G score decreased with advancing age.Conclusions An mF-G scoring >4 can be used to diagnose hirsutism in this population. The results also suggest that hair growth involving the upper lip, thighs, and lower abdomen with scores >2 can be used to diagnose hirsutism in women in the community.
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About half of otherwise asymptomatic mild hirsutism is not associated with hyperandrogenemia.
“It is important to realize that about half of otherwise asymptomatic mild hirsutism is not associated with hyperandrogenemia [22,24]”
From The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence (2015) · cites this paper as [24]
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Yang, X., Su, H., Zhang, H., & Deng, S. (2025) · Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1136/gocm-2024-000115
Quantitative effects of sex hormones on hair growth and patient satisfaction
de Kroon, R. W. P. M., Strating, J., Heijboer, A. C., & den Heijer, M. (2026) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgag139
Ge, H., Chang, H., Sun, Z.-X., Guan, M.-X., Yu, J.-N., Li, A.-Q., Meng-yi, Z., Gao, J., & Wu, X. K. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1819555
“PCOSAct enrolled 1,000 patients who were diagnosed with PCOS using the modified Rotterdam criteria (29, 30): subjects with oligomenorrhea (menstrual interval ≥ 35 days and/or ≤ 8 menses 1 year) or amenorrhea (more than 90 days between two menstrual cycles) combined with clinical hyper-androgenism…”
Self-citationWhere are we in the diagnosis and treatment of hirsutism? A narrative review
Yeşiladalı, M., Ünlühızarcı, K., Attar, E., & Keleştimur, F. (2026) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-026-10057-2
“…origin are as follows: United States and United Kingdom black or white women, ≥ 8 [ 16 ]; Medi - terranean, Hispanic, and Middle Eastern women, ≥ 9 to 10 [16 ]; South American women, ≥ 6 [ 31 ]; and Asian women, a range of ≥ 2 for Han Chinese women to ≥ 7 for Southern Chinese women [ 32, 33].”
Qin, H., Shi, B., Li, Y., Lu, F., Guan, M., Yu, J., Gao, Z., Zhu, M., Liu, Y., Ge, H., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1835729
“…of the following: (a) oligo-or anovulation; (b) clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism (defined as a modified Ferriman–Gallwey score ≥ 5 for Chinese women) (12, 13); (c) polycystic ovarian morphology, defined as either ≥ 12 antral follicles (2–9 mm in diameter) or an ovarian volume ≥ 10 cm 3 .”
Self-citationZhu, M., Liang, D., Zhang, S., Zhong, P., Jin, Y., Li, Y., Li, W., Kuang, L., Lin, Y., Wang, S., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1155/ijcp/8578269
- Authors
- Li, R., Qiao, J., Yang, D., Li, S., Lu, S., Wu, X., & Wei, Z.
- Affiliations
- Peking University Third Hospital (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN)
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Qiao, Jie
- Venue
- European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 163
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 165-169
- ISSN
- 0028-2243 (ISSN-L)
- 0301-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2067818638
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 2.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fudan University
- China Medical University Hospital
- Tianjin University
- Zhejiang University
- Tianjin Medical University
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Shengjing Hospital
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- hirsutism, diagnostic criteria, women of reproductive age, Asian women, cut-off values, community-based prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Adult, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hirsutism, Humans, Middle Aged, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, ROC Curve, Severity of Illness Index, Asian People, Young Adult
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