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Cited by 37Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Mechanisms and TreatmentsAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

Quality of life in subgroups of individuals with whiplash associated disorders

Wallin, Mia K.M., Raak, Ragnhild I.·2008·European Journal of Pain
DOI 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.12.008
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The term whiplash associated disorders (WAD) includes a wide range of complaints, with neck pain as predominating symptom. Living with long term pain influences quality of life. In previous studies of other chronic pain patients, subgrouping has been made according to thermal pain thresholds measured in quantitative sensory testing (QST). AIMS: The aims of the present study are threefold, (1) to evaluate thermal pain thresholds and health related quality of life in WAD patients compared to healthy pain-free individuals, (2) to explore whether subgrouping of the WAD patients is possible according to thermal pain thresholds over trapezius, and if so (3) to explore differences between the subgroups. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with WAD and 18 healthy pain-free controls took part in the study. Thermal pain thresholds were measured in two sites (over the thenar and the trapezius muscle) using quantitative sensory testing (QST). Health related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the SF-36. The visual analogue scale was used to rate pain intensity and unpleasantness related to the experimental situation. RESULTS: WAD patients are more sensitive to thermal pain, and scored lower on the SF-36 in all scales when compared with healthy pain-free individuals. After analyzing clusters (K-means algorithm) two subgroups of WAD emerge, pain insensitive and pain sensitive. The pain insensitive group differed significantly from the pain sensitive group in the Role Emotional subscale of SF-36 (p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Thermal pain hyperalgesia, especially for cold, seems to be a determinant for subgrouping WAD patients. These results support that such a classification of a heterogenous group could be of importance in tailoring treatment and early interventions.

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  • The overall poor quality of life of the patients in this study, according to the SF-36, was consistent with previously published pain studies but distinctively lower than the Swedish population norm.

    “The overall poor quality of life of the patients in this study, according to the SF-36, was consistent with previously published pain studies [67–69] but distinctively lower than the Swedish population norm [38].”

    From Chronic pain and sex-differences; women accept and move, while men feel blue (2017) · cites this paper as [69]

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Authors
Wallin, M. K. M., & Raak, R. I.
Affiliations
Linköping University (SE)
Corresponding author
Wallin, Mia K.M.
Venue
European Journal of Pain
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-10
Volume
12
Issue
7
Pages
842-849
ISSN
  • 1090-3801 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-2149
DOI
10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.12.008
OpenAlex
W1967518537
Cited by
37
References
29
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI
2.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1195 d)
Locations
  • European Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords
whiplash-associated disorders, health-related quality of life, thermal pain threshold, thermal hyperalgesia, neck pain, trapezius, thenar muscles, patient subgrouping, chronic pain, SF-36, pain intensity
MeSH terms
Adult, Cold Temperature, Female, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hyperalgesia, Male, Middle Aged, Neck Muscles, Pain Measurement, Quality of Life, Whiplash Injuries, Pain Threshold, Neck Pain

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