The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Subgrouping low back pain: a comparison of the STarT Back Tool with the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Clinicians require brief, practical tools to help identify low back pain (LBP) subgroups requiring early, targeted secondary prevention. The STarT Back Tool (SBT) was recently validated to subgroup LBP patients into early treatment pathways. Aim: To test the SBT's concurrent validity against an existing, popular LBP subgrouping tool, the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ), and to compare the clinical characteristics of subgroups identified by each tool. Methods: Two hundred and forty‐four consecutive ‘non‐specific’ LBP consulters at 8 UK GP practices aged 18–59 years were invited to complete a questionnaire. Measures included the ÖMPSQ and SBT, disability, fear, catastrophising, pain intensity, episode duration and demographics. Instruments were compared using Spearman's correlations, tests for subgroup agreement and discriminant analysis of subgroup characteristics according to reference standards. Results: Completed SBT (9‐items) and ÖMPSQ (24‐items) data was available for 130/244 patients (53%). The correlation of SBT and ÖMPSQ scores was ‘excellent (rs = 0.80). Subgroup characteristics were similar across the low, medium and high subgroups, but, the proportions allocated to ‘low’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’ risk groups were different, with fewer patients in the SBT's high risk group. Both instruments similarly discriminated for reference standards such as disability, catastrophising, fear, comorbid pain and time off work. The ÖMPSQ was better at discriminating pain intensity, while the SBT was better for discriminating bothersomeness of back pain and referred leg pain. Conclusions: The SBT baseline psychometrics performed similarly to the ÖMPSQ, but the SBT is shorter and easier to score and is an appropriate alternative for identifying high risk LBP patients in primary care.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Recent work such as the STarT Back project from the U.K. has made important advances in this regard,57–60”
From Report of the NIH Task Force on research standards for chronic low back pain. (2014) · cites this paper as [58]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529310 · Cited by 81,148
DeLong, E. R., DeLong, D. M., & Clarke-Pearson, D. L. (1988) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531595 · Cited by 22,649
The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1982) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747 · Cited by 21,856
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037//1040-3590.7.4.524 · Cited by 8,227
A Study of the Natural History of Back Pain: Part I
ROLAND, M., & MORRIS, R. (1983) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-198303000-00004 · Cited by 3,395 · cited 2×
“…the SBT and ÖMPSQ, and reference standard constructs included in both instruments: disability (Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire, RMDQ: Roland and Morris, 1983) fear avoidance (Tampa Scale of Kinesiaphobia, TSK: Kori et al., 1990) and catastrophising (Pain Catastrophising Scale, PCS:…”
MethodChou, R., Qaseem, A., Snow, V., Casey, D., Cross, J. T., Shekelle, P., Owens, D. K., & for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians and the American College of Physicians/American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines Panel* (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006 · Cited by 2,718
Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain
Koes, B. W., van Tulder, M. W., & Thomas, S. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7555.1430 · Cited by 1,287
Chapter 3 European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care
van Tulder, M., Becker, A., Bekkering, T., Breen, A., del Real, M. T. G., Hutchinson, A., Koes, B., Laerum, E., Malmivaara, A., & On behalf of the COST B13 Working Group on Guidelines for the Management of Acute Low Back Pain in Primary Care (2006) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-006-1071-2 · Cited by 1,258
Kinesiophobia : a new view of chronic pain behavior
Kori, S. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,056
A primary care back pain screening tool: identifying patient subgroups for initial treatment
Hill, J. C., Dunn, K. M., Lewis, M., Mullis, R., Main, C. J., Foster, N. E., & Hay, E. M. (2008) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.23563 · Cited by 1,052
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Cohen J., 1998, Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences
- 10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–205 of 205
Paukkunen, M., Öberg, B. E., Karppinen, J. I., Ala‐Mursula, L., Ryynänen, K., Holopainen, R., & Abbott, A. (2026) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2025-003900
Miller, J., Varette, K., McClintock, C., Donnelly, C. A., Marsh, J., Taljaard, M., Barber, D., Cooper, L., French, S., Green, M., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8902753/v1
Self-citationKang, K., Moon, D.-C., Lee, S., & Park, K.-Y. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000049753
Rosenblom, M. F., Jacobsen, H. B., & Rème, S. E. (2026) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-026-10432-5
Perry, J. (2013) · Coventry University Open Collections (Coventry university)
Metadata
- Authors
- Hill, J. C., Dunn, K. M., Main, C. J., & Hay, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Keele University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hill, Jonathan C.
- Venue
- European Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-89
- ISSN
- 1090-3801 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2149
- PMC
- PMC2809923
- OpenAlex
- W1978916560
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 9.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (083572)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0707-10131)
- Keele University
- Versus Arthritis (13413)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- low back pain, STarT Back Tool, Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire, subgrouping, non-specific low back pain, concurrent validity, psychometric properties, secondary prevention, primary care, pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Data Collection, Disability Evaluation, Fear, Female, Humans, Leg, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reference Standards, ROC Curve, Socioeconomic Factors, Low Back Pain, Risk Assessment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
