Cited by 583Nanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryAdvanced Drug Delivery SystemsRNA Interference and Gene Delivery

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Multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive pharmaceutical nanocarriers

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Torchilin, Vladimir·2009·European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

DOI 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.026PMC PMC3197821

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Abstract

Currently used pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, demonstrate a broad variety of useful properties, such as longevity in the body; specific targeting to certain disease sites; enhanced intracellular penetration; contrast properties allowing for direct carrier visualization in vivo; stimuli-sensitivity, and others. Some of those pharmaceutical carriers have already made their way into clinic, while others are still under preclinical development. In certain cases, the pharmaceutical nanocarriers combine several of the listed properties. Long-circulating immunoliposomes capable of prolonged residence in the blood and specific target recognition represent one of the examples of this kind. The engineering of multifunctional pharmaceutical nanocarriers combining several useful properties in one particle can significantly enhance the efficacy of many therapeutic and diagnostic protocols. This paper considers the current status and possible future directions in the emerging area of multifunctional nanocarriers with primary attention on the combination of such properties as longevity, targetability, intracellular penetration, contrast loading, and stimuli-sensitivity.

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Retracted
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Authors: Torchilin, V.
Affiliations: Northeastern University (US)
Corresponding author: Torchilin, Vladimir
ORCID: Torchilin, Vladimir
Venue: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 71
Issue: 3
Pages: 431-444
ISSN: 0939-6411 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.026
PMC: PMC3197821
OpenAlex: W2046772999
Cited by: 583
References: 269
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 57
FWCI: 1.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (R01CA121838)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Keywords: multifunctional nanocarriers, stimuli-responsive drug delivery, long-circulating liposomes, immunoliposomes, targeted drug delivery, intracellular penetration, contrast media, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles
MeSH terms: Animals, Biological Transport, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug Carriers, Humans, Liposomes, Micelles, Polymers, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanoparticles

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Multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive pharmaceutical nanocarriers

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