Biocompatibility and osteoconduction of macroporous silk fibroin implants in cortical defects in sheep
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The goal of the presented study was to compare the biocompatibility and cellular responses to porous silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds produced in a water-based (UPW) or a solvent based process (HFIP) using two different SF sources. For that reason, four different SF scaffolds were implanted (n=6) into drill hole defects in the cancellous bone of the sheep tibia and humerus. The scaffolds were evaluated histologically for biocompatibility, cell-material interaction, and cellular ingrowth. New bone formation was observed macroscopically and histologically at 8 weeks after implantation. For semiquantitative evaluation, the investigated parameters were scored and statistically analyzed (factorial ANOVA). All implants showed good biocompatibility as evident by low infiltration of inflammatory cells and the absent encapsulation of the scaffolds in connective tissue. Multinuclear foreign body giant cells (MFGCs) and macrophages were present in all parts of the scaffold at the material surface and actively degrading the SF material. Cell ingrowth and vascularization were uniform across the scaffold. However, in HFIP scaffolds, local regions of void pores were present throughout the scaffold, probably due to the low pore interconnectivity in this scaffold type in contrast to UPW scaffolds. The amount of newly formed bone was very low in both scaffold types but was more abundant in the periphery than in the center of the scaffolds and for HFIP scaffolds mainly restricted to single pores.
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Silk fibroin sponge-like porous scaffolds are prepared through methods such as freeze-drying, salt leaching, and chemical crosslinking.
“Silk fibroin sponge-like porous scaffolds are prepared through methods such as freeze-drying, salt leaching, and chemical crosslinking [38,62,63].”
From Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin-Based Composites for Bone Repair Applications: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
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Motta, A., Barone, R., Macaluso, F., Giambalvo, F., Pecoraro, F., Marco, P. D., Cassata, G., Puleio, R., Migliaresi, C., Guercio, A., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-356736/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Green Materials for 3D Printing in Dentistry
Banakar, M., Sijanivandi, S., Mousavi, S. M., Hashemi, S. A., & Lai, C. W. (2024) · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-4618-7_69 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Review article Silk as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering
Mottaghitalab, F., Hosseinkhani, H., & Yang, M. (2015)
Marcondes, G. D. M. (2020) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.10.2020.tde-20122019-121046
Green Materials for 3D Printing in Dentistry
Banakar, M., Sijanivandi, S., Mousavi, S. M., Hashemi, S. A., & Lai, C. W. (2022) · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4921-9_69-1
Silk-Based Solutions for Healthcare: From Biomaterials to Medical Devices
Jaya, A., Vijayan, L. A., Nairveedu, S. T., & Kasoju, N. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-24738-5.00037-9
- Authors
- Uebersax, L., Apfel, T., Nuss, K. M. R., Vogt, R., Kim, H. Y., Meinel, L., Kaplan, D. L., Auer, J. A., Merkle, H. P., & von Rechenberg, B.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Tufts University (US)
- Venue
- European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-118
- ISSN
- 0939-6411 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007901852
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Keywords
- silk fibroin, macroporous scaffolds, biocompatibility, osteoconduction, bone tissue engineering, cortical bone defect, foreign body giant cells, macrophages, cell infiltration, vascularization, pore connectivity, solvent casting, water-based processing, sheep tibia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Bone Regeneration, Cell Adhesion, Fibroins, Foreign-Body Reaction, Humerus, Macrophages, Male, Materials Testing, Osteocytes, Tibia, Giant Cells, Foreign-Body, Porosity, Animals, Inbred Strains, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Sheep, Domestic, Guided Tissue Regeneration, Cell Proliferation, Tissue Scaffolds
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