Alpha tocopherol loaded chitosan oleate nanoemulsions for wound healing. Evaluation on cell lines and ex vivo human biopsies, and stabilization in spray dried Trojan microparticles
Abstract
An amphiphilic chitosan salt, chitosan oleate (CS-OA), was previously proposed for the physical stabilization of lemongrass antimicrobial nanoemulsions (NE) through a mild spontaneous emulsification process. As both chitosan and oleic acid are described in the literature for their positive effects in wound healing, in the present study CS-OA has been proposed to encapsulate alpha tocopherol (αTph) in NEs aimed to skin wounds. A NE formulation was developed showing about 220 nm dimensions, 36% drug loading, and αTph concentration up to 1 mg/ml. Both CS-OA and αTph NE stimulated cell proliferation on keratinocytes and fibroblast cell cultures, and in ex vivo skin biopsies, suggesting the suitability of CS-OA and of the antioxidant agent for topical application in wound healing. αTph stability was further improved with respect of encapsulation, by spray drying the NE into a powder (up to about 90% αTph residual after 3 months). The spray drying process was optimized, to improve powder yield and αTph recovery, by a design of experiments approach. The powder obtained was easily re-suspended to deliver the NE and resulted able to completely release αTph.
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Nanoemulsions can be used to mask the bitter or unpleasant taste of drugs and to carry products of natural origin.
“NEs can be used also to mask the bitter or unpleasant taste of drugs [29] and to carry products of natural origin [30,31].”
From Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery
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- Authors
- Bonferoni, M. C., Riva, F., Invernizzi, A., Dellera, E., Sandri, G., Rossi, S., Marrubini, G., Bruni, G., Vigani, B., Caramella, C., & Ferrari, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bonferoni, M.C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 123
- Pages
- 31-41
- ISSN
- 0939-6411 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2769847040
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Keywords
- alpha-tocopherol, nanoemulsions, wound healing, spray drying, topical drug delivery, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, drug encapsulation, antioxidants, oleic acid, spray drying optimization
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antioxidants, Biopsy, Cells, Cultured, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Emulsions, Fibroblasts, Humans, Particle Size, Powders, Wound Healing, Keratinocytes, Drug Delivery Systems, Oleic Acid, alpha-Tocopherol, Chitosan, Cell Proliferation, Nanoparticles
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