Human skin models: From healthy to disease-mimetic systems; characteristics and applications
Open accessAbstract
Skin drug delivery is an emerging route in drug development, leading to an urgent need to understand the behaviour of active pharmaceutical ingredients within the skin. Given, As one of the body's first natural defences, the barrier properties of skin provide an obstacle to the successful outcome of any skin drug therapy. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this barrier, reductionist strategies have designed several models with different levels of complexity, using non‐biological and biological components. Besides the detail of information and resemblance to human skin in vivo, offered by each in vitro model, the technical and economic efforts involved must also be considered when selecting the most suitable model. This review provides an outline of the commonly used skin models, including healthy and diseased conditions, in‐house developed and commercialized models, their advantages and limitations, and an overview of the new trends in skin‐engineered models.
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Artificial membranes are distant from the in vivo condition because they lack cells and intercellular matrix, but they are useful for screening chemical-physical characteristics of compounds.
“The first cited models consist of artificially generated membranes: they are quite distant from the in vivo condition due to the lack of cells and intercellular matrix, but they can be useful for screening with respect to the chemical-physical characteristics of the compounds to be tested.”
From Recreating Human Skin In Vitro: Should the Microbiota Be Taken into Account? (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
Section 4.2 describes artificial membranes as distinct from cell cultures and says simple membrane models lack similarity with human skin but are useful for testing diffusion and drug permeation. It also describes a lipid-based membrane model that can screen drug candidates. The section does not specifically say that these membranes screen compounds’ physicochemical characteristics or identify the absence of intercellular matrix as the reason they differ from living skin. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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The Bioengineering of Microspheric Skin Organoids and Their Application in Drug Screening
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Systems of conductive skin for power transfer in clinical applications
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Exceed the Traditional Dead Leather to Intelligent E‐Skin
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An Innovative Fluid Dynamic System to Model Inflammation in Human Skin Explants
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Dermal Absorption of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Arnica Tincture
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Imaging and Characterization of Oxidative Protein Modifications in Skin
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Self-citationIn vitro diffusion of plant phenolics through the skin: A review update
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Direct Capture and Early Detection of Lyme Disease Spirochete in Skin with a Microneedle Patch
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Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology Research and Drug Discovery
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Recent developments in in vitro skin-on-a-chip technology: a narrative review
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Disease-related biomarkers as experimental endpoints in 3D skin culture models
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Advancements in in vitro psoriasis models: relevance for drug discovery and therapeutic development
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Topical Application onto the Eyelid Skin: Is it a Feasible Delivery Route of Ophthalmic Drugs?
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The Capacity of Wharton's Jelly to Prolong the Survival of Skin Tissues ex vivo
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Modelling atopic dermatitis in healthy human skin for the characterization of topical compounds
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Autonomous AI‐Driven Design for Skin Product Formulations
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Dimethoate absorption: A complementary in vitro and in vivo assessment
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Dermal and Transdermal Novel Drug Delivery Systems
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Investigation of Light Propagation in Human Skin Using Zemax OpticStudio
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Advances in organoids for drug development: From discovery to delivery
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- Authors
- Moniz, T., Costa Lima, S. A., & Reis, S.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal
- Venue
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-08-19
- Volume
- 177
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 4314-4329
- ISSN
- 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5381
- PMC
- PMC7484561
- OpenAlex
- W3039284679
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund (COMPETE POCI‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐030834)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (CEECIND/01620/2017, PTDC/QUI‐COL/30834/2017, UID/QUI/50006/2020)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Keywords
- human skin model, skin barrier, dermal drug delivery, in vitro skin model, skin permeation, active pharmaceutical ingredients, model selection
- MeSH terms
- Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Models, Biological, Skin, Drug Delivery Systems
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