The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Energy use in the life cycle of conventional and low-energy buildings: A review article
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Chastas [112] harmonized 90 building case studies and found that the embodied emissions increase with the energy efficiency of a building while the total life cycle emissions decrease, echoing earlier findings [113,114].”
From Material efficiency strategies to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings, vehicles, and electronics—a review (2019) · cites this paper as [114]
Citations
Cites
Scheuer, C. W., Keoleian, G. A., & Reppe, P. (2003) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(03)00066-5 · Cited by 735
Thormark, C. (2002) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/s0360-1323(01)00033-6 · Cited by 675
Life-cycle energy use in office buildings
Cole, R. J., & Kernan, P. C. (1996) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/0360-1323(96)00017-0 · Cited by 520
Life-cycle energy analysis of buildings: a case study
Fay, R., Treloar, G. J., & Iyer‐Raniga, U. (2000) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/096132100369073 · Cited by 402
Energy use during the life cycle of single-unit dwellings: Examples
Adalberth, K. (1997) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/s0360-1323(96)00069-8 · Cited by 292
Life cycle analysis model for New Zealand houses
Mithraratne, N., & Vale, B. (2003) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2003.09.008 · Cited by 250
Estimation of life cycle energy consumption and CO2 emission of office buildings in Japan
Suzuki, M., & Tatsuo, O. K. A. (1998) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(98)00010-3 · Cited by 221
Benchmarks for sustainable construction
Zimmermann, M., Althaus, H., & Haas, A. (2005) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.06.017 · Cited by 219
Life-cycle assessment of four multi-family buildings
Adalberth, K., Almgren, A., & Petersen, E. H. (2001) · Cited by 173
Analysing the life-cycle energy of an Australian residential building and its householders
Treloar, G. J., Fay, R. M., Love, P. E. D., & Iyer‐Raniga, U. (2000) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/096132100368957 · Cited by 136
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Winther B.N. (1998). Energibelastninger ved lavenergiboliger—En analyse av totalenergiforbruket i fem versjoner av en norsk bolig, Ph.D. Thesis, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,000
Schlegel, T., & Shtiza, A. (2015) · Mauerwerk · doi:10.1002/dama.201500676 · Cited by 5
Peng, C., Yang, J., & Huang, J. (2016) · Journal of Green Building · doi:10.3992/jgb.11.3.126.1 · Cited by 5
Energy Upgrade of Existing Dwellings in Greece; Embodied Energy Issues
Alexandri, E., & Androutsopoulos, A. (2017) · Procedia Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.106 · Cited by 5
Kiss, B., & Szalay, Z. (2018) · International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1556/1848.2018.9.2.6 · Cited by 5
Simplified Emissions Measurement System for Construction Equipment
Teizer, J., & Wandahl, S. (2022) · ASCE Construction Research Congress (CRC) · doi:10.1061/9780784483961.050 · Cited by 5
Multiple Criteria Analysis of the Life Cycle of the Built Environment
Kaklauskas, A., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2015) · doi:10.3846/2325-m · Cited by 5
Development of environmental benchmarks for the Belgian residential building stock
Mouton, L., Trigaux, D., Allacker, K., & Crawford, R. H. (2022) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012077 · Cited by 5
Facade Refurbishment Toolbox. Supporting the Design of Residential Energy Upgrades
Konstantinou, T. (2014) · Architecture and the Built Environment · doi:10.59490/abe.2014.9.969 · Cited by 5
Moncaster, A. M. (2012) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · doi:10.13140/2.1.1531.1042 · Cited by 5
Robust and Durable Vacuum Insulation Technology for Buildings
Karami, P. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 5
Schwartz, Y., Raslan, R., & Mumovic, D. (2015) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · doi:10.5555/2873021.2873047 · Cited by 5
Metcalf, G. E. (2009) · Cited by 5
Schwartz, Y. (2018) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 5
Comparative Analysis of Scientific Papers on LCA Applied to Nanoparticulated Building Materials
Sánchez-Burgos, M. A., González, B. B., Galnares, E. C., Porras-Pereira, P., & Mercader-Moyano, P. (2025) · Construction Materials · doi:10.3390/constrmater5020037 · Cited by 4
Wang, X., Huang, B., Zhang, X., Liu, Q., Wang, Y., & Long, Y. (2025) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108538 · Cited by 4
Life-Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Foundation Systems of Buildings
Kraus, M., & Šenitková, I. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/603/5/052078 · Cited by 4
Feasibility study for the use of variable air volume systems for office buildings
Moskvitina, A., Shyshyna, M., & Korchminskyi, M. (2021) · Ventilation Illumination and Heat Gas Supply · doi:10.32347/2409-2606.2021.36.62-79 · Cited by 4
Life cycle assessment in net zero energy building scenarios in a tropical country
Rodríguez, L. R., Martínez, L. A., Ramos, J., Ariza, R. I., Viviana, O. P., Alcojor, A. M., Morales, G., Palacios, A., & Menjívar, S. (2024) · Discover Civil Engineering · doi:10.1007/s44290-024-00019-5 · Cited by 4
Energy and Environmental Assessment of Retrofit Actions on a Residential Building
Cellura, M., Fontana, M., Longo, S., Milone, D., & Mistretta, M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03826-1_13 · Cited by 4
State of the Art Study - How is Environmental Performance Measured for Buildings/Constructions?
Rønning, A., & Lyng, K.-A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1899-9_14 · Cited by 4
Pittau, F., Bande, L., Beacco, D., Passera, A., Angelis, E. D., & Fumagalli, C. S. (2014) · Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology (BICET) · doi:10.1049/cp.2014.1109 · Cited by 4
Marwitz, S., Klobasa, M., & Dallinger, D. (2017) · Trends in mathematics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51795-7_2 · Cited by 4
An Investigation Into Design Criteria for Affordable Housing Supply
Olanrewaju, A., Tat, L. L., Seong, Y. T., Mine, N., & Teoh, C. T. (2017) · MATEC Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/matecconf/201710303013 · Cited by 4
Wiik, M. K., Lolli, N., & Fufa, S. M. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/352/1/012012 · Cited by 4
Pierzchalski, M., Ryńska, E. D., & Węglarz, A. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14133748 · Cited by 4
Factors influencing the life-cycle GHG emissions of Brazilian office buildings
Krych, K., Heeren, N., & Hertwich, E. G. (2021) · Buildings and Cities · doi:10.5334/bc.136 · Cited by 4
Environmental impact assessment of demolition of a building in India-A case study
Bansal, D., Murlidhar, K., Rahul, R., & Bansal, Y. (2022) · Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering · doi:10.29328/journal.acee.1001039 · Cited by 4
de Almeida, M. G., Ascione, F., Bianco, N. D., Iovane, T., Mastellone, M., & Mateus, R. F. M. S. (2023) · International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech) · doi:10.23919/splitech58164.2023.10193139 · Cited by 4
Spatial Model for Energy Consumption of LEED-Certified Buildings
Kim, J., Moon, S.-Y., & Jang, D.-H. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152216097 · Cited by 4
Energy consumption of wood based panel products: a review
Vengala, J., Nath, S. K., & Pandey, C. N. (2011) · Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science · doi:10.1007/s13196-012-0052-9 · Cited by 4
Life Cycle Analysis of Building Materials
Samad, M. H. A., & Yahya, H. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31840-0_12 · Cited by 4
Energy Performance of Alkali-Activated Cement-Based Concrete Buildings
Gevaudan, J. P., & Srubar, W. V. (2017) · doi:10.1061/9780784480502.026 · Cited by 4
Xiang, Z., Yin, Y., & He, Y. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10114327 · Cited by 4
Facade Refurbishment Toolbox. Supporting the Design of Residential Energy Upgrades
Konstantinou, T. (2014) · Architecture and the Built Environment · doi:10.59490/abe.2014.9.795 · Cited by 4
Filippín, C., Sipowicz, E., & Larsen, S. F. (2013) · Ambiente Construído · doi:10.1590/s1678-86212013000400017 · Cited by 4
Wandahl, S., & Ussing, L. F. (2013) · International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management (ICCREM) · doi:10.1061/9780784413135.017 · Cited by 4
Caldas, L. R., Sposto, R. M., Lopes, A. M. S., & Tavares, W. C. (2016) · REEC - Revista Eletrônica de Engenharia Civil · doi:10.5216/reec.v11i2.37863 · Cited by 4
Embodied CO2 Evaluation of a Zero Life-Cycle CO2 Home:A Case Study of an Actual Industrialized Home
Ohta, I. (2017) · Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering · doi:10.3130/jaabe.16.231 · Cited by 4
A Holistic Review of Building Energy Efficiency and Reduction Based on Big Data
Lim, J., Kim, J. J., & Kim, S. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13042273 · Cited by 4
The Potential Contribution of Wood in Green Building Certifications
Piccardo, C., Alam, A., & Hughes, M. (2021) · Architectural Research in Finland · doi:10.37457/arf.113262 · Cited by 4
Definitions, Targets, and Key Performance Indicators for New and Renovated Zero Emission Buildings
Andresen, I. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49120-1_47 · Cited by 4
Urban Form Energy Use and Emissions in China: Preliminary Findings and Model Proof of ConceptPreprint
Aden, N. T., Qin, Y., & Fridley, D. G. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1803630 · Cited by 4
Okodi-Iyah, E. Y. (2012) · Cited by 4
The role of concrete in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of US buildings and pavementsPreprint
Gregory, J. R., AzariJafari, H., Vahidi, E., Guo, F., Ulm, F., & Kirchain, R. (2020) · doi:10.31224/osf.io/s7nv9 · Cited by 4
Olson, E. L. (2024) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.3318 · Cited by 3
Keintjem, M., Suwondo, R., & Suangga, M. (2025) · Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research · doi:10.48084/etasr.11607 · Cited by 3
Defining new approaches for retrofit life cycle analysis to improve design outcomes
Hurst, L., & O’Donovan, T. S. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116844 · Cited by 3
Developing a Calculation Tool for Embodied Energy in the Conceptual Design Phase
Maassarani, S., Mohareb, N., & Mostafa, R. (2017) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/ijca2017912730 · Cited by 3
Aghakhani, S., Haghparast, F., & Gaspari, J. (2021) · Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment · doi:10.5829/ijee.2021.12.01.07 · Cited by 3
Life cycle energy analysis of houses incorporating conventional and alternative masonry units
Edike, U. E., Ameh, O. J., Adenuga, O. A., & AKINTUNDE, O. P. (2023) · Architectural Engineering and Design Management · doi:10.1080/17452007.2023.2195610 · Cited by 3
Drivers and challenges for wood-based construction in urban areas
Iliescu, O., Amiri, A., & Junnila, S. (2025) · Environmental Research Communications · doi:10.1088/2515-7620/adaf0f · Cited by 3
Xie, S., Martínez-Vázquez, P., & Baniotopoulos, C. C. (2025) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113729 · Cited by 3
Baglivo, C., Congedo, P. M., & D’Agostino, D. (2018) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en11112988 · Cited by 3
Bibbiani, C., Fantozzi, F., Gargari, C., Campiotti, C. A., Incrocci, L., & Pardossi, A. (2018) · Acta Horticulturae · doi:10.17660/actahortic.2018.1215.69 · Cited by 3
Potential for the Recycled Aggregate Market
Dhir, R. K., de Brito, J., Silva, R. V., & Lye, C. Q. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100985-7.00014-5 · Cited by 3
Material tracking system of the supply chain in engineering procurement construction (EPC)
Fauziyah, S., Sholeh, M. N., Dharmo, B., Purba, P., & Sutanto, S. (2019) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.5112411 · Cited by 3
A Passive Wood-Based Building in Slovakia: Exploring the Life Cycle Impact
Vaňová, R., Igaz, R., Němec, M., Štefková, J., & Štefko, J. (2021) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f12121613 · Cited by 3
Environmental evaluation of applications of concrete with recycled material from tyres
García, E., Pradena, M., Schwarz, A. O., César, A., Urbano, B. F., & Medina, C. (2022) · Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability · doi:10.1680/jensu.22.00083 · Cited by 3
Passive Thermal Performance of Earth-Sheltered Thin-Shell Concrete Dome Structures
Vega, D. S. V., Shepherd, K. M., Guthrie, W. S., & South, A. J. (2023) · Intermountain Engineering, Technology and Computing (IETC) · doi:10.1109/ietc57902.2023.10152203 · Cited by 3
Geometry-Driven Stock-Constrained Truss Design via Equilibrium-Based Structural Models
Sun, T., Konstantatou, M., Fivet, C., & D’Acunto, P. (2023) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-44328-2_76 · Cited by 3
Multiplier Effect: High Performance Construction Assemblies and Urban Density in US Housing
Puurunen, E., & Organschi, A. (2013) · Springer environmental science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37030-4_10 · Cited by 3
Sakhlecha, M., Bajpai, S., & Singh, R. K. (2020) · International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development · doi:10.4018/ijsesd.2021010110 · Cited by 3
Life cycle assessment of 61 ducted gas heating upgrades in Australia
Peukes, I. E., Pomponi, F., & D’Amico, B. (2021) · International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation · doi:10.1108/ijbpa-04-2021-0052 · Cited by 3
Blengini, G. A., & Carlo, T. D. (2008) · PORTO@Iris · Cited by 3
Ding, G. K. C., & Forsythe, P. J. (2016) · Construction Economics and Building · doi:10.5130/ajceb.v16i1.4813 · Cited by 3
de Vasconcelos, A. B., Pinheiro, M. D., Cabaço, A., & Manso, A. (2016) · Building pathology and rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0651-7_2 · Cited by 3
Divandari, J., & Najari, F. (2016) · The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication · doi:10.7456/1060agse/094 · Cited by 3
Combining building thermal simulation methods and LCA methods
Pedersen, F., Hansen, K., Wittchen, K. B., Grau, K., Johnsen, K., & Pedersen, F. (2008) · VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) · doi:10.4122/1.1000000892 · Cited by 3
Sustainable Cities: Reconsidering China’s Urban Residential Policies
Cheshmehzangi, A., & Butters, C. (2022) · Current Urban Studies · doi:10.4236/cus.2022.101008 · Cited by 3
Simulating total embodied energy of building products through BIM
Nizam, R. S., Xiao, Y., Zhang, T., Liu, Y., & Zhang, C. (2017) · Winter Simulation Conference · doi:10.1109/wsc.2017.8247969 · Cited by 3
Towards Carbon Neutral Settlements. The Importance of Early-Stage Urban and Energetic Optimizations
Martyniuk-Pęczek, J., Kurek, J., & Borucka, J. (2022) · ACE Arquitectura Ciudad y Entorno · doi:10.5821/ace.16.48.10514 · Cited by 3
Anderson, J. E., Wulfhorst, G., & Lang, W. (2015) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/2500-08 · Cited by 3
Sipowicz, E., Sulaiman, H. C., Filippín, C., & Pipa, D. A. (2018) · Energy Efficiency · doi:10.1007/s12053-017-9572-x · Cited by 3
Recent Developments in Life Cycle Assessment and Service Life Prediction: A Review
Yarramsetty, S., Sivakumar, M. V. N., & Raj, P. B. A. (2018) · Urbanization Challenges in Emerging Economies · doi:10.1061/9780784482032.052 · Cited by 3
The Environmental Impact of Expositions: A Study of Some Contributing Factors
Shen, S. (2012) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16993444 · Cited by 3
Sustainability assessment framework for the residential construction sector in the UK
Cuéllar-Franca, R. M., & Marisa, R. (2013) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 3
Kang, D. (2015) · Michigan State University Libraries · doi:10.25335/b1mz-qy17 · Cited by 3
Koezjakov, A. (2017) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 3
A life cycle assessment model of Canadian residential dwellings and building stocks
Bowick, M. F. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14645340 · Cited by 3
Metodología basada en ACV para la evaluación de sostenibilidad en edificios
Sánchez, J. M. H. (2013) · doi:10.5821/dissertation-2117-94898 · Cited by 3
Thermal Performance of a Straw Bale Building in Relation to Fiber Orientation: A Case Study
Rota, F., Nogales, Y. C., Mendoza, D. T., Mumbrú, M. V., Solà, G. B., & de Felipe, J. J. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su162310304 · Cited by 5
Park, J. H., Kang, S. T., Kang, Y., & Kim, S. (2025) · Case Studies in Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.csite.2025.107404 · Cited by 2
Lim, T. W., Tongtuam, Y., & Ongsavangchai, N. (2026) · Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering · doi:10.1080/13467581.2026.2620911 · Cited by 2
Mohtashami, N., Streblow, R., Frisch, J., & Müller, D. (2026) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2026.115941 · Cited by 2
Manić, D., Komatina, M., Božič, J. T., & Perić, M. (2026) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr14091329 · Cited by 2
Petržela, B., Jozífek, M., Richter, J., Pavelek, M., & Hýsek, Š. (2026) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123411 · Cited by 2
Ugrađena primarna energija i optimizacija energetski učinkovitih kuća
Praznik, M., & Zbašnik-Senegačnik, M. (2015) · Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers · doi:10.14256/jce.1193.2014 · Cited by 2
Gómez-Moreno, Á., Casanova-Peláez, P. J., Carnicero, J. M. P., & Cruz-Peragón, F. (2016) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en9110926 · Cited by 2
Richardson, S., Hyde, K., Connaughton, J. N., & Merefield, D. (2014) · CentAUR (University of Reading) · doi:10.13140/2.1.1159.2649 · Cited by 2
Non-traditional Building Insulation Materials
Cucchiella, F., Rotilio, M., & Villa, V. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24942-6_17 · Cited by 2
Green Materials in Wind Turbines
Mdallal, A., Mahmoud, M., Abdelkareem, M. A., Alami, A. H., & Olabi, A. G. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15738-7.00012-x · Cited by 2
Environmental impacts of materials in masonry residential house
Eštoková, A., & Fabianová, M. (2024) · Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration · doi:10.1007/s41207-024-00518-y · Cited by 2
Distributed Renewables, Smart Solutions: A Blueprint for Sustainable Buildings
Muchafangeyi, K., & Channi, H. K. (2024) · Energy, environment, and sustainability · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1406-3_9 · Cited by 2
Togashi, E., Kobayashi, T., Ogata, H., 畠田, 博., Ayame, H., Edahiro, K., Satoh, M., Ukai, M., Momota, M., Miyata, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Building Performance Simulation · doi:10.1080/19401493.2024.2346528 · Cited by 2
Solar Ark 3.0: A lightweight, energy-efficient house based on smooth poly-hypar surface structures
Cao, T., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Zhu, Y., & Wu, Y. (2024) · Frontiers of Architectural Research · doi:10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.004 · Cited by 2
Vega, D. S. V., Shepherd, K. M., Guthrie, W. S., Bingham, E. D., & South, A. J. (2024) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114835 · Cited by 2
Comparative review of assessment methodologies of building embodied energy
Ji, W., Guo, N., & Chan, E. H. W. (2018) · Creative Construction Conference 2018 - Proceedings · doi:10.3311/ccc2018-108 · Cited by 2
Identifying typical hourly DHW energy use profiles in a hotel in Norway by using statistical methods
Ivanko, D., Nord, N., Sørensen, Å. L., Plesser, T. S. W., Walnum, H. T., & Sartori, I. (2019) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201911104015 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sartori, I., & Hestnes, A. G.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Sartori, I.
- ORCID
- Sartori, I.
- Venue
- Energy and Buildings
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 249-257
- ISSN
- 0378-7788 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146150995
- Cited by
- 1,284
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 110 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 16.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy and Buildings (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building energy efficiency and sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Keywords
- low-energy buildings, embodied energy, operating energy, solar house, passive house, sustainable construction materials, residential buildings, non-residential buildings, primary energy, end-use energy, architectural design criteria
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review