Combined hosting capacity analysis for electric vehicles and rooftop photovoltaic systems – impacts on a Swedish residential power grid
Open accessAbstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems pose challenges to existing power grids, which were often not designed to accommodate such large loads or local generation. With growing adoption of these technologies, hosting capacity (HC) studies are essential for understanding their impact and supporting future planning. However, combined HC assessments of EVs and PVs remain limited compared to studies treating the technologies separately, particularly when accounting for spatial uncertainties, temporal correlations, varying implementation levels, and different charging strategies. This study addresses this gap by applying a broadly applicable method for calculating the HC of EVs and PV systems in a Swedish residential grid. A combined time-series and stochastic approach was used across multiple scenarios, supported by geographic information system-based (GIS-based) PV potential analysis. The analysis is based on real-world data and performed as a case study, providing new insights into joint EV-PV integration. Results show that spot price-based charging resulted in the most frequent violations. Evenly distributed charging was the most grid-friendly strategy in winter, while PV generation caused significant violations in summer regardless of charging strategy. Under the even charging strategy, the average number of unique buses with voltage violations during summer was 11–63 times higher than during winter. This is because the strategy uses low power, limiting the impact of EV charging, while high uncontrolled PV production in summer becomes the main driver of voltage problems. The findings highlight the need for strategic charging strategies and additional measures to manage the grid impact of high PV implementation. • Broadly applicable method assesses joint EV–PV hosting capacity using real-world data. • Combined time-series and stochastic analysis captures temporal and spatial uncertainties. • Grid-friendly charging eases EV impacts while PV-driven issues remain challenging. • Voltage violations under even charging are 11–63 times higher in summer than winter.
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- Authors
- Sandström, M., Huang, P., Bales, C., & Dotzauer, E.
- Affiliations
- Dalarna University (SE)
- University of Gävle (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Sandström, Maria
- Venue
- Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2026-05
- Volume
- 351
- Pages
- 140805
- ISSN
- 0360-5442 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W7138890985
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Dalarna University College Electronic Archive (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DiVA (University of Gävle) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Knowledge Foundation (2019-0129)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Keywords
- hosting capacity, electric vehicles, rooftop solar, EV charging strategies, voltage violation, seasonal variation, stochastic analysis, time series analysis, grid integration
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