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Cited by 599Optimal Power Flow DistributionElectric Power System OptimizationThermal Analysis in Power Transmission

State-of-the-art of hosting capacity in modern power systems with distributed generation

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Ismael, Sherif M., Abdel Aleem, Shady H.E., Abdelaziz, Almoataz Y., Zobaa, Ahmed F.·2019·Renewable Energy
DOI 10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.008
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Abstract

Currently, renewable energy is rapidly developing across the world in response to technical, economic and environmental developments, as well as political and social initiatives. On the other hand, excessive penetration of distributed generation (DG) systems into electrical networks may lead to various problems and operational limit violations, such as over and under voltages, excessive line losses, overloading of transformers and feeders, protection failure and high harmonic distortion levels exceeding the limits of international standards. These problems occur when the system exceeds its hosting capacity (HC) limit. The HC is a transactive approach that provides a way for the distribution network to be integrated with different types of energy systems. Accordingly, HC assessment and enhancements become an essential target for both distribution system operators and DG investors. This paper provides, for the first time, a systematic and extensive overview of the HC research, developments, assessment techniques and enhancement technologies. The paper consists of four HC principal sections: historical developments, performance limits, perceptions and enhancement techniques. Besides, practical experiences of system operators, energy markets and outcomes gained from real case studies are presented and discussed. It was concluded that success in integrating more distributed generation hinges on accurate hosting capacity assessment.

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  • Increasing PV in LV networks does not always lead to increased conductor currents and TR loading; if the PoC consumes most of the generated power, line and transformer losses decrease.

    “Increasing PV in LV networks does not always lead to increased conductor currents and TR loading.If the PoC is capable of consuming most of the generated power, then the opposite is true, and line and transformer losses decrease [30,47].”

    From Stochastic Approach for Increasing the PV Hosting Capacity of a Low-Voltage Distribution Network (2022) · cites this paper as [30]

    Section 3.2, “Overloading and power loss problems” (page unavailable), says DG connected close to the load can reduce feeder losses and the loading of feeding transformers. It supports the claim that more local generation need not increase loading, but does not specifically establish that transformer losses decrease when the point of connection consumes most of the PV output. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Once hosting capacity is reached, upgrading or rebuilding transformer stations and reinforcement of lines will be needed.

    “However, once the hosting capacity is reached after continued technology additions, upgrading or even a complete rebuilding of the existing transformer stations (also known as 'secondary substations') and reinforcement of the lines will be needed [3,22,26,27].”

    From Spatial analysis of distribution grid capacity and costs to enable massive deployment of PV, electric mobility and electric heating (2021) · cites this paper as [22]

    Section 5.5 (page unavailable) describes network reinforcement and feeder upgrades as ways to increase hosting capacity. It does not say that reaching hosting capacity necessarily requires line reinforcement or upgrading or rebuilding transformer stations; Section 5 also describes other enhancement techniques. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ismael, S. M., Abdel Aleem, S. H. E., Abdelaziz, A. Y., & Zobaa, A. F.
Affiliations
  • Ain Shams University (EG)
  • Brunel University of London (GB)
Corresponding author
Zobaa, Ahmed F.
ORCID
Venue
Renewable Energy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-01
Volume
130
Pages
1002-1020
ISSN
0960-1481 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.008
OpenAlex
W2810914890
Cited by
599
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 55 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI
17.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Renewable Energy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Brunel University Research Archive (BURA) (Brunel University London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Power System Optimization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
Keywords
hosting capacity, distributed generation, distribution networks, renewable energy integration, voltage constraints, harmonic distortion, line losses, protection failure, energy markets

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