Engineered/designer biochar for contaminant removal/immobilization from soil and water: Potential and implication of biochar modification
Abstract
The use of biochar has been suggested as a means of remediating contaminated soil and water. The practical applications of conventional biochar for contaminant immobilization and removal however need further improvements. Hence, recent attention has focused on modification of biochar with novel structures and surface properties in order to improve its remediation efficacy and environmental benefits. Engineered/designer biochars are commonly used terms to indicate application-oriented, outcome-based biochar modification or synthesis. In recent years, biochar modifications involving various methods such as, acid treatment, base treatment, amination, surfactant modification, impregnation of mineral sorbents, steam activation and magnetic modification have been widely studied. This review summarizes and evaluates biochar modification methods, corresponding mechanisms, and their benefits for contaminant management in soil and water. Applicability and performance of modification methods depend on the type of contaminants (i.e., inorganic/organic, anionic/cationic, hydrophilic/hydrophobic, polar/non-polar), environmental conditions, remediation goals, and land use purpose. In general, modification to produce engineered/designer biochar is likely to enhance the sorption capacity of biochar and its potential applications for environmental remediation.
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Currently, there is significant interest within the scientific community in improving the adsorption capacity of biochar through modifications to its structure and surface properties.
“Currently, there is significant interest within the scientific community in improving the adsorption capacity of biochar through modifications to its structure and surface properties42.”
From Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
The incorporation of acidic functional groups enhances the potential for cation interactions with these groups, thereby improving the biochar's metal adsorption capacity.
“The incorporation of acidic functional groups enhances the potential for cation interactions with these groups, thereby improving the biochar's metal adsorption capacity [30].”
From Insight into the Adsorption Behavior of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from Mud by HCl-Modified Coconut Shell Biochar: Experimental and DFT Studies (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
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“Therefore, it is necessary to modify the microstructure and surface properties of BC to enhance its remediation ability (Rajapaksha et al. 2016; Fang et al. 2018).”
BackgroundPang, X., Jiang, H., Yang, J., Zhang, C., Pang, M., Chen, R., Li, J., Sun, B., Yang, D., Su, L., et al. (2025) · Chemistry · doi:10.3390/chemistry7060202 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing
Ahmed, S., Hossain, D., Dipti, S. S., Karim, M. A., & Azad, M. A. K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31699-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rajapaksha, A. U., Chen, S. S., Tsang, D. C. W., Zhang, M., Vithanage, M., Mandal, S., Gao, B., Bolan, N. S., & Ok, Y. S.
- Affiliations
- Kangwon National University (KR)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- China Jiliang University (CN)
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies (LK)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tsang, Daniel C.W.
- Ok, Yong Sik
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 148
- Pages
- 276-291
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2256613245
- Cited by
- 1,322
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 158 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 165 · 2020: 165 · 2019: 142 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 23
- FWCI
- 6.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015R1A2A2A11001432)
- Hong Kong Arts Development Council (PolyU 152221/15E)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- engineered biochar, biochar modification, contaminant immobilization, pollutant removal, soil remediation, water remediation, acid treatment, base treatment, amination, surfactant modification, steam activation, magnetic biochar, sorption capacity, surface properties
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Charcoal, Soil Pollutants, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical
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