Cited by 164Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactFluorine in Organic Chemistry

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Legacy and emerging per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Bohai Sea and its inflow rivers

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Meng, Lingyi, Song, Boyu, Zhong, Huifang, Ma, Xindong, Wang, Yingjun, Ma, Donghui, Lu, Yao, Gao, Wei, Wang, Yawei, Jiang, Guibin·2021·Environment International

DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106735

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Abstract

In this study, the occurrence, distribution, sources, and risk of 29 legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in four kinds of environmental matrices in the Bohai Sea were investigated. The ∑PFAS concentrations were in the range of 0.40 ~ 61.4 ng/g dry weight (dw) in inflow river sediments, 0.48 ~ 61.4 ng/g dw in soil near river inflow, 0.37 ~ 4.18 ng/g dw in sea sediments, and 13.3 ~ 718 ng/L in seawater. PFAS with eight carbons accounted for > 62.2% by mass, in all samples. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAS both by mass and occurrence. Seawater from Laizhou Bay (south of the Bohai Sea) and sediments of Liaodong Bay (northeast of the Bohai Sea) had the highest levels of ∑PFAS. The sediment–water partition coefficient and organic carbon content normalized partition coefficient (log Kd and log Koc) were calculated using measured PFAS concentrations to determine their distribution in seawater and sea sediments. The values of log Kd and log Koc values increased with the increasing CF2 units for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). Six primary sources were identified in this region, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), metal plating, food packages, fluorine chemical industry, fluoropolymer manufacture, and domestic pollution. The risk quotient (RQ) values of PFAS were all < 1, indicating that organisms of the Bohai Sea were at low risk of PFAS exposure.

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Authors: Meng, L., Song, B., Zhong, H., Ma, X., Wang, Y., Ma, D., Lu, Y., Gao, W., Wang, Y., & Jiang, G.
Affiliations: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Ministry of Ecology and Environment (CN)
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center (CN)
Corresponding author: Wang, Yawei
ORCID: Meng, Lingyi
Ma, Xindong
Wang, Yingjun
Ma, Donghui
Gao, Wei
Wang, Yawei
Jiang, Guibin
Venue: Environment International
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-11
Volume: 156
Pages: 106735
ISSN: 0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106735
OpenAlex: W3176665670
Cited by: 164
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 47 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 3
FWCI: 6.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Environment International (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China (21625702, 22021003)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Keywords: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, legacy PFAS, emerging PFAS, Bohai Sea, river sediments, seawater contamination, perfluorooctanoic acid, sediment-water partition coefficient, PFAS sources, aqueous film-forming foam, food packaging, human health risk assessment, Laizhou Bay, Liaodong Bay
MeSH terms: Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Seawater, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Rivers

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Legacy and emerging per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Bohai Sea and its inflow rivers

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