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Legacy and emerging per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Bohai Sea and its inflow rivers
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In this study, the occurrence, distribution, sources, and risk of 29 legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in four kinds of environmental matrices in the Bohai Sea were investigated. The ∑PFAS concentrations were in the range of 0.40 ~ 61.4 ng/g dry weight (dw) in inflow river sediments, 0.48 ~ 61.4 ng/g dw in soil near river inflow, 0.37 ~ 4.18 ng/g dw in sea sediments, and 13.3 ~ 718 ng/L in seawater. PFAS with eight carbons accounted for > 62.2% by mass, in all samples. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAS both by mass and occurrence. Seawater from Laizhou Bay (south of the Bohai Sea) and sediments of Liaodong Bay (northeast of the Bohai Sea) had the highest levels of ∑PFAS. The sediment–water partition coefficient and organic carbon content normalized partition coefficient (log Kd and log Koc) were calculated using measured PFAS concentrations to determine their distribution in seawater and sea sediments. The values of log Kd and log Koc values increased with the increasing CF2 units for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). Six primary sources were identified in this region, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), metal plating, food packages, fluorine chemical industry, fluoropolymer manufacture, and domestic pollution. The risk quotient (RQ) values of PFAS were all < 1, indicating that organisms of the Bohai Sea were at low risk of PFAS exposure.
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“Another study by Meng et al. (2021) also observed a similar deviation of log Kd (PFBA) in the sediment of the Bohai Sea”
From Partitioning behavior of short-chain legacy and novel perfluorinated substances (PFAS) between dissolved and particulate phases in a river-estuary-coast continuum (2025) · cites this paper as Meng et al. (2021)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Meng, L., Song, B., Zhong, H., Ma, X., Wang, Y., Ma, D., Lu, Y., Gao, W., Wang, Y., & Jiang, G.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment (CN)
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Yawei
- Venue
- Environment International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 156
- Pages
- 106735
- ISSN
- 0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3176665670
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 6.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environment International (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21625702, 22021003)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, legacy PFAS, emerging PFAS, Bohai Sea, river sediments, seawater contamination, perfluorooctanoic acid, sediment-water partition coefficient, PFAS sources, aqueous film-forming foam, food packaging, human health risk assessment, Laizhou Bay, Liaodong Bay
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Seawater, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Rivers
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