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Characterization of tire and road wear microplastics and phthalates in inhalable PM10 road Dust: Implications for urban air pollution

Yoo, Hanjin, Park, Poongmo, Le, Yen Thi-Hoang, Park, Sunyoung, Jung, Yong-Won, Youn, Jong-Sang, Kim, Young-Min, Jeon, Ki-Joon·2025·Environmental Pollution
DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126991
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Abstract

Road dust (RD) is a major contributor to urban environmental pollution. Among its constituents, tire and road wear microplastics (TRWMPs) and phthalates are of increasing concern due to their adverse impacts on human health and ecosystems. This study presents the first integrated analysis of TRWMPs and phthalates in inhalable PM 10 RD, collected from industrial and residential areas in Seoul, Korea. Mean TRWMP concentrations were higher in industrial areas (18 mg/g) than in residential areas (16 mg/g), reflecting the influence of truck-bus radial (TBR) vehicles, which have greater tire wear emission factors than passenger car radial (PCR) vehicles. However, elevated styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) to natural rubber ratios in PM 10 compared to PM 75 RD suggest that PCR vehicles contribute more to the formation of smaller TRWMP particles, as PCR tires generally contain more SBR than TBR tires. Phthalates were detected at notable concentrations (mean: 245 μg/g), with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as the dominant species, followed by diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). A moderate positive correlation between DEHP and TRWMPs indicates that traffic-related emissions may be a key source. Additionally, a pronounced DBP-SBR correlation in residential areas suggests PCR vehicles as major DBP contributors. Estimated atmospheric emissions of PM 10 TRWMPs (61,194 kg/yr) and phthalates (756 kg/yr) underscore their significance as urban airborne contaminants. This s…

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Metadata

Authors
Yoo, H., Park, P., Le, Y. T.-H., Park, S., Jung, Y.-W., Youn, J.-S., Kim, Y.-M., & Jeon, K.-J.
ORCID
Park, Sunyoung
Venue
Environmental Pollution
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2025-11
Volume
384
Pages
126991
ISSN
0269-7491
DOI
10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126991
Cited by
19
References
0
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (RS-2024-00416902)
  • Ministry of Environment (NIER-2024-03-03-002)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea
  • National Institute of Environmental Research
  • Ministry of Education (RS-2024-00463576)

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