The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in humans
Open accessAbstract
After briefly discussing human exposure to phthalates --diesters of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid) -- this article first presents recent findings from the Study for Future Families, a multi-center pregnancy study in which the human analogue of the phthalate syndrome was first identified. This is one of an increasing number of studies that have investigated human endpoints in relation to environmental exposure to these ubiquitous compounds. This literature, which includes a range of human health endpoints following prenatal, neonatal, childhood and adult exposures, is then summarized. At least one significant association has been reported for urinary metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BzBP), diethyl phthlate (DEP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and for three of the urinary metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Many of the findings reported in humans –most of which have been in males-- are consistent with the anti-androgenic action that has been demonstrated for several phthalates. Replication of the results described here and further mechanistic studies are needed to strengthen links between phthalates and adverse health outcomes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure
Swan, S. H., Main, K. M., Liu, F., Stewart, S. L., Kruse, R. L., Calafat, A. M., Mao, C. S., Redmon, J. B., Ternand, C. L., Sullivan, S., et al. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.8100 · Cited by 1,586
Self-citationGray, L. E. (2000) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/58.2.350 · Cited by 1,084
Welsh, M., Saunders, P. T. K., Fisken, M., Scott, H. M., Hutchison, G. R., Smith, L. B., & Sharpe, R. M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34241 · Cited by 781
Janjua, N. R., Mortensen, G. K., Andersson, A.-M., Kongshoj, B., Niels E. Skakkebæk, A., & Wulf, H. C. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0628755 · Cited by 302
Geographic differences in semen quality of fertile U.S. males.
Swan, S. H., Brazil, C., Drobnis, E. Z., Liu, F., Kruse, R. L., Hatch, M., Redmon, J. B., Wang, C., Overstreet, J. W., & Study For Future Families Research Group (2003) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5927 · Cited by 297
Self-citation
Cited by
Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses
Vandenberg, L. N., Colborn, T., Hayes, T. B., Heindel, J. J., Jacobs, D. R., Lee, D.-H., Shioda, T., Soto, A. M., vom Saal, F. S., Welshons, W. V., et al. (2012) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2011-1050 · Cited by 3,209
EDC-2: the endocrine society's second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals
Gore, A. C., Chappell, V. A., Fenton, S. E., Flaws, J. A., Nadal, A., Prins, G. S., Toppari, J., & Zoeller, R. T. (2015) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1010 · Cited by 2,407
State-of-the-science of endocrine disrupting chemicals, 2012
Bergman, Å., Heindel, J., Jobling, S., Kidd, K., & Zoeller, R. T. (2012) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.020 · Cited by 1,388
Environmental source, fate, and toxicity of microplastics
Wang, C., Zhao, J., & Xing, B. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124357 · Cited by 1,077
Phthalates and other additives in plastics: human exposure and associated health outcomes
Meeker, J. D., Sathyanarayana, S., & Swan, S. H. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0268 · Cited by 835
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Swan, S. H.
- Venue
- Environmental Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 177-184
- ISSN
- 0013-9351 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117009957
- Cited by
- 856
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 22.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in humans. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.007
- The paper
- Swan, S. H. (2008). Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in humans. Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.007
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.