Humidity: a review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

Davis, Robert E.; McGregor, Glenn R.; Enfield, Kyle B.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.014

Cited by 472Climate Change and Health ImpactsAir Quality and Health ImpactsThermoregulation and physiological responses

Humidity: a review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

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Davis, Robert E., McGregor, Glenn R., Enfield, Kyle B.·2016·Environmental Research

DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.014

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Abstract

Research examining associations between weather and human health frequently includes the effects of atmospheric humidity. A large number of humidity variables have been developed for numerous purposes, but little guidance is available to health researchers regarding appropriate variable selection. We examine a suite of commonly used humidity variables and summarize both the medical and biometeorological literature on associations between humidity and human health. As an example of the importance of humidity variable selection, we correlate numerous hourly humidity variables to daily respiratory syncytial virus isolates in Singapore from 1992 to 1994. Most water-vapor mass based variables (specific humidity, absolute humidity, mixing ratio, dewpoint temperature, vapor pressure) exhibit comparable correlations. Variables that include a thermal component (relative humidity, dewpoint depression, saturation vapor pressure) exhibit strong diurnality and seasonality. Humidity variable selection must be dictated by the underlying research question. Despite being the most commonly used humidity variable, relative humidity should be used sparingly and avoided in cases when the proximity to saturation is not medically relevant. Care must be taken in averaging certain humidity variables daily or seasonally to avoid statistical biasing associated with variables that are inherently diurnal through their relationship to temperature.

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Higher RH in the morning than in the afternoon is a result of the lower air temperature during the morning, which in turn decreases the ability of the air to hold water compared to later in the day.
“Higher RH in the morning than in the afternoon is a result of the lower air temperature during the morning, which in turn decreases the ability of the air to hold water compared to later in the day (Davis et al., 2016).”
From Assessment of Heat Stress Exposure among Construction Workers in the Hot Desert Climate of Saudi Arabia (2019) · cites this paper as Davis et al., 2016

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Effects of temperature variation and humidity on the death of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
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Spatiotemporal Patterns and Synoptics of Extreme Wet‐Bulb Temperature in the Contiguous United States
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The Importance of Humidity in the Relationship between Heat and Population Mental Health: Evidence from Australia
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Humidity May Modify the Relationship between Temperature and Cardiovascular Mortality in Zhejiang Province, China
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Klompmaker, J. O., Hart, J. E., James, P., Sabath, M. B., Wu, X., Zanobetti, A., Dominici, F., & Laden, F. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106715 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The effect of ambient temperature on cardiovascular mortality in 27 Brazilian cities
da Silveira, I. H., de Oliveira, B. F. A., Cortes, T. R., & Junger, W. L. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.493 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The joint and interaction effect of high temperature and humidity on mortality in China
Fang, W., Li, Z., Gao, J., Meng, R., He, G., Hou, Z., Zhu, S., Zhou, M., Zhou, C., Xiao, Y., et al. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107669 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Projections of heat stress and associated work performance over India in response to global warming
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A Highly Sensitive, Reversible, and Bidirectional Humidity Actuator by Calcium Carbonate Ionic Oligomers Incorporated Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)
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Colloidal Lignin Particles and Epoxies for Bio-Based, Durable, and Multiresistant Nanostructured Coatings
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Contrasting Circulation Patterns of Dry and Humid Heatwaves Over Southern China
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Pre-to-post lockdown impact on air quality and the role of environmental factors in spreading the COVID-19 cases - a study from a worst-hit state of India
Sahoo, P. K., Mangla, S., Pathak, A. K., Salomão, G. N., & Sarkar, D. (2020) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-020-02019-3 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Underestimated Change of Wet‐Bulb Temperatures Over East and South China
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SBS symptoms in relation to dampness and ventilation in inspected single-family houses in Sweden
Smedje, G., Wang, J., Norbäck, D., Nilsson, H., & Engvall, K. (2017) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-017-1233-z · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Two-dimensional Bi2O2S based high-sensitivity and rapid-response humidity sensor for respiratory monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction
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The association between dengue case and climate: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution on preeclampsia in Shenzhen, China
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Intensified Humid Heat Events Under Global Warming
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Quantifying the role of weather on seasonal influenza
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The effects of ambient temperatures on the risk of work-related injuries and illnesses: Evidence from Adelaide, Australia 2003–2013
Varghese, B. M., Barnett, A. G., Hansen, A. L., Bi, P., Hanson‐Easey, S., Heyworth, J. S., Sim, M. R., & Pisaniello, D. (2018) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.024 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Association between Ambient Temperature and Cause-Specific Cardiovascular Disease Admissions in Japan: A Nationwide StudyPreprint
Pan, R., Okada, A., Yamana, H., Yasunaga, H., Kumazawa, R., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Honda, Y., & Kim, Y. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4310964 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
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Wintertime outdoor thermal sensations and comfort in cold-humid environments of Chongqing China
Xiong, K., & He, B. (2022) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2022.104203 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cold Spells and Cause-Specific Mortality in 47 Japanese Prefectures: A Systematic Evaluation
Ma, C., Yang, J., Nakayama, S. F., Iwai‐Shimada, M., Jung, C., Sun, X., & Honda, Y. (2021) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp7109 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Correlating indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in a sample of buildings in tropical climates
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Health symptoms in relation to temperature, humidity, and self-reported perceptions of climate in New York City residential environments
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Mental health and air temperature: Attributable risk analysis for schizophrenia hospital admissions in arid urban climates
Crank, P. J., Hondula, D. M., & Sailor, D. J. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160599 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Effects of heat waves on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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An efficient thermal comfort prediction method for indoor airflow environment using a CFD-based deep learning model
Wang, T., Li, X., Lu, Y., Dong, L., Shi, F., & Lin, Z. (2024) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112246 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Shape of the Concentration–Response Association between Fine Particulate Matter Pollution and Human Mortality in Beijing, China, and Its Implications for Health Impact Assessment
Yan, M., Wilson, A., Bell, M. L., Peng, R. D., Sun, Q., Pu, W., Yin, X., Li, T., & Anderson, G. B. (2019) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp4464 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Meteorological factors, governmental responses and COVID-19: Evidence from four European countries
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It’s not the heat, it’s the vulnerability: attribution of the 2016 spike in heat-associated deaths in Maricopa County, Arizona
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Optical fiber based on humidity sensor with improved sensitivity for monitoring applications
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Chiral Reticular Chemistry: A Tailored Approach Crafting Highly Porous and Hydrolytically Robust Metal–Organic Frameworks for Intelligent Humidity Control
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Nonlinear temperature-suicide association in Japan from 1972 to 2015: Its heterogeneity and the role of climate, demographic, and socioeconomic factors
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Impact of COVID-19-Related Traffic Slowdown on Urban Heat Characteristics
Teufel, B., Sushama, L., Poitras, V., Dukhan, T., Bélair, S., Miranda-Moreno, L., Sun, L., SASMITO, A. P., & Bitsuamlak, G. (2021) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos12020243 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
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Authors: Davis, R. E., McGregor, G. R., & Enfield, K. B.
Affiliations: University of Virginia (US)
Durham University (GB)
University of Virginia Health System (US)
Corresponding author: Davis, Robert E.
ORCID: Davis, Robert E.
McGregor, Glenn R.
Venue: Environmental Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-01
Volume: 144
Issue: Pt A
Pages: 106-116
ISSN: 0013-9351 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.014
OpenAlex: W2220109943
Cited by: 472
References: 111
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 8
FWCI: 1.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
dro.dur.ac.uk
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Environmental Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National University of Singapore
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords: air humidity, relative humidity, specific humidity, absolute humidity, dewpoint temperature, vapor pressure, mixing ratio, saturated vapor pressure, respiratory syncytial virus, weather and health, biometeorology, diurnal variation, seasonal variation
MeSH terms: Health, Humans, Humidity

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Humidity: a review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

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