The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A redox-stratified ocean 3.2 billion years ago
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Fractionated iron and molybdenum isotopes and levels of redox-sensitive metals suggest marine photic zone O2 (96–99).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [99]
In the citing paper
“Based on modelling of Fe isotopes in the Manzimnyama jasper, Satkoski et al. (2015) calculated shallow photic zone O2 contents at ~10 µM (between 10 -3 and 10 -2 POL, or Present Ocean Level; Fig. 10), and deep-water O2 contents at ~0.4 µM.”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Satkoski et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Satkoski et al. (2015) used a combination of stable Fe and radiogenic UTh-Pb isotope data from the 3.2 Ga Manzimnyama IF of the Fig Tree Group, South Africa to demonstrate that proximal, shallow-water samples record precipitation under more oxic conditions compared to the distal, deeper-water facies, and that the presence of U enrichment in the shallowwater samples indicates the”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Satkoski et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“potentially provide evidence that the shallow oceans had significant free O2 levels by 3.2 Ga, hundreds of millions of years prior to the rise in atmospheric O2.”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Satkoski et al., 2015
Citations
Cites
Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model
Stacey, J. S., & Kramers, J. D. (1975) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(75)90088-6 · Cited by 9,173
Ferrozine---a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron
Stookey, L. L. (1970) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60289a016 · Cited by 4,712
The rise of oxygen in Earth's early ocean and atmosphere
Lyons, T. W., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13068 · Cited by 2,810
Langmuir, D. (1978) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(78)90001-7 · Cited by 2,152
The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Holland, H. D. (1984) · doi:10.1515/9780691220239 · Cited by 1,836
A Whiff of Oxygen Before the Great Oxidation Event?
Anbar, A. D., Duan, Y., Lyons, T. W., Arnold, G. L., Kendall, B., Creaser, R. A., Kaufman, A. J., Gordon, G. W., Scott, C., Garvin, J., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1140325 · Cited by 1,024
Ferrous iron oxidation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria
Widdel, F., Schnell, S., Heising, S., Ehrenreich, A., Assmus, B., & Schink, B. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362834a0 · Cited by 735
Uranium in the oceans: Where it goes and why
Klinkhammer, G. P., & Palmer, M. R. (1991) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90024-y · Cited by 703
Atmospheric oxygenation three billion years ago
Crowe, S. A., Døssing, L. N., Beukes, N. J., Bau, M., Kruger, S. J., Frei, R., & Canfield, D. E. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12426 · Cited by 640
Self-citationEvidence for oxygenic photosynthesis half a billion years before the Great Oxidation Event
Planavsky, N. J., Asael, D., Hofmann, A., Reinhard, C. T., Lalonde, S. V., Knudsen, A., Wang, X., Ossa Ossa, F., Pecoits, E., Smith, A. J. B., et al. (2014) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2122 · Cited by 615
Self-citationApplication of Fe isotopes to tracing the geochemical and biological cycling of Fe
Beard, B. L., Johnson, C. M., Skulan, J. L., Nealson, K. H., Cox, L., & Sun, H. J. (2003) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(02)00390-x · Cited by 613
Self-citationThe mobility of thorium in natural waters at low temperatures
Langmuir, D., & Herman, J. S. (1980) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(80)90226-4 · Cited by 572
Iron Isotope Constraints on the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Ocean Redox State
Rouxel, O. J., Bekker, A., & Edwards, K. J. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1105692 · Cited by 533
Kinetic and equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(II) and Fe(III)
Welch, S. A., Beard, B. L., Johnson, C. M., & Braterman, P. S. (2003) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(03)00266-7 · Cited by 499
Self-citationThe chemical evolution of Precambrian seawater: evidence from REEs in banded iron formations
Derry, L. A., & Jacobsen, S. B. (1990) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(90)90114-z · Cited by 468
New constraints on Precambrian ocean composition
Grotzinger, J. P., & Kasting, J. F. (1993) · The Journal of Geology · doi:10.1086/648218 · Cited by 424
Canfield, D. E., Rosing, M. T., & Bjerrum, C. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1906 · Cited by 417
Geochemistry of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes
(2004) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781501509360 · Cited by 397
Approaches to surface complexation modeling of Uranium(VI) adsorption on aquifer sediments
Davis, J. A., Meece, D. E., Kohler, M., & Curtis, G. P. (2004) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.003 · Cited by 397
Kamo, S. L., & Davis, D. W. (1994) · Tectonics · doi:10.1029/93tc02254 · Cited by 325
Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., Beukes, N. J., Klein, C., & O'Leary, J. M. (2003) · Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology · doi:10.1007/s00410-002-0418-x · Cited by 311
Self-citationClues from Fe Isotope Variations on the Origin of Early Archean BIFs from Greenland
Dauphas, N., van Zuilen, M. A., Wadhwa, M., Davis, A. M., Marty, B. M., & Janney, P. E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1104639 · Cited by 306
Carbonate Effects on Hexavalent Uranium Adsorption by Iron Oxyhydroxide
Wazne, M., Korfiatis, G. P., & Meng, X. (2003) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es034166m · Cited by 292
Uranium removal in oceanic sediments and the oceanic U balance
Barnes, C., & Cochran, J. K. (1990) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(90)90101-3 · Cited by 290
Kinetic and equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between aqueous Fe(III) and hematite
Skulan, J. L., Beard, B. L., & Johnson, C. M. (2002) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(02)00902-x · Cited by 288
Self-citationFe Isotope Variations in the Modern and Ancient Earth and Other Planetary Bodies
Beard, B. L., & Johnson, C. M. (2004) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/gsrmg.55.1.319 · Cited by 266
Self-citationByerly, G. R., Kröner, A., Lowe, D. R., Todt, W., & Walsh, M. M. (1996) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(95)00073-9 · Cited by 242
Quantifying the areal extent and dissolved oxygen concentrations of Archean oxygen oases
Olson, S. L., Kump, L. R., & Kasting, J. F. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.012 · Cited by 239
Hofmann, A. (2005) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2005.09.005 · Cited by 219
Iron isotope composition of some Archean and Proterozoic iron formations
Planavsky, N. J., Rouxel, O. J., Bekker, A., Hofmann, A., Little, C. T. S., & Lyons, T. W. (2011) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.12.001 · Cited by 187
Czaja, A. D., Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., Roden, E. E., Li, W., & Moorbath, S. (2013) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.025 · Cited by 179
Self-citationYamaguchi, K. E., Johnson, C. M., Beard, B. L., & Ohmoto, H. (2005) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.01.020 · Cited by 179
Self-citationO2constraints from Paleoproterozoic detrital pyrite and uraninite
Johnson, J. E., Gerpheide, A., Lamb, M. P., & Fischer, W. W. (2014) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b30949.1 · Cited by 154
Sorption of Trace Constituents from Aqueous Solutions Onto Secondary Minerals. II. Radium
Ames, L. L., McGarrah, J. E., & Walker, B. A. (1983) · Clays and Clay Minerals · doi:10.1346/ccmn.1983.0310502 · Cited by 153
Tice, M. M., Bostick, B. C., & Lowe, D. R. (2003) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g19915.1 · Cited by 138
Kamber, B. S., Webb, G. E., & Gallagher, M. (2014) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/jgs2013-110 · Cited by 137
Identification of an Archean marine oxygen oasis
Riding, R., Fralick, P., & Liang, L. (2014) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.06.017 · Cited by 132
Uranium in iron formations and the rise of atmospheric oxygen
Partin, C. A., Lalonde, S. V., Planavsky, N. J., Bekker, A., Rouxel, O. J., Lyons, T. W., & Konhauser, K. O. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.09.005 · Cited by 124
Sorption of Trace Constituents from Aqueous Solutions Onto Secondary Minerals. I. Uranium
Ames, L., McGarrah, J. E., & Walker, B. A. (1983) · Clays and Clay Minerals · doi:10.1346/ccmn.1983.0310501 · Cited by 111
Uranium and thorium solubilities in subduction zone fluids
Bailey, E. H., & Ragnarsdottir, K. V. (1994) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(94)00071-9 · Cited by 98
Diakonov, I. I., Jacques Schott, A., Martin, F., Harrichourry, J.-C., & Escalier, J. (1999) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00070-8 · Cited by 96
An anoxic, Fe(II)-rich, U-poor ocean 3.46 billion years ago
Li, W., Czaja, A. D., Kranendonk, M. J. V., Beard, B. L., Roden, E., & Johnson, C. M. (2013) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.033 · Cited by 94
Self-citationWu, L., Percak-Dennett, E. M., Beard, B. L., Roden, E., & Johnson, C. M. (2012) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.01.007 · Cited by 93
Self-citationCompeting retention pathways of uranium upon reaction with Fe(II)
Massey, M. S., Lezama-Pacheco, J. S., Jones, M. E., Ilton, E. S., Cerrato, J. M., Bargar, J., & Fendorf, S. E. (2014) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.016 · Cited by 82
Origin and evolution of large Precambrian iron formations
Simonson, B. M. (2003) · Geological Society of America eBooks · doi:10.1130/0-8137-2370-1.231 · Cited by 82
Li, W., Huberty, J. M., Beard, B. L., Kita, N. T., Valley, J. W., & Johnson, C. M. (2013) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.014 · Cited by 71
Self-citationCombining seawater 232Th and 230Th concentrations to determine dust fluxes to the surface ocean
Hsieh, Y., Henderson, G. M., & Thomas, A. L. (2011) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.10.022 · Cited by 69
The proterozoic biosphere: A multidisciplinary study
Riding, R. (1993) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(93)90110-b · Cited by 67
Primary silica granules—A new mode of Paleoarchean sedimentation
Trower, E. J., Lowe, D. R., Zentner, D., & Fischer, W. W. (2014) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g35187.1 · Cited by 60
Weis, D., & Wasserburg, G. J. (1987) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(87)90109-8 · Cited by 52
de Ronde, C. E. J., Hall, C. M., York, D., & Spooner, E. T. C. (1991) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(91)90034-3 · Cited by 45
Lowe, D. (2013) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b30782.1 · Cited by 33
U–Th–Pb isotope data indicate phanerozoic age for oxidation of the 3.4Ga Apex Basalt
Li, W., Johnson, C. M., & Beard, B. L. (2012) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.12.035 · Cited by 26
Self-citation10A. Fe Isotope Variations in the Modern and Ancient Earth and Other Planetary Bodies
Beard, B. L., & Johnson, C. M. (2004) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781501509360-013 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Catling, D. C., & Zahnle, K. J. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax1420 · Cited by 568
Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history
Konhauser, K. O., Planavsky, N. J., Hardisty, D. S., Robbins, L. J., Warchola, T. J., Haugaard, R., Lalonde, S. V., Partin, C. A., Oonk, P. B. H., Tsikos, H., et al. (2017) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.012 · Cited by 537
Self-citationTrace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution
Robbins, L. J., Lalonde, S. V., Planavsky, N. J., Partin, C. A., Reinhard, C. T., Kendall, B., Scott, C., Hardisty, D. S., Gill, B. C., Alessi, D. S., et al. (2016) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.013 · Cited by 227
Andersen, M. B., Stirling, C. H., & Weyer, S. (2017) · Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry · doi:10.2138/rmg.2017.82.19 · Cited by 218
Solar energy conversion by photosystem II: principles and structures
Shevela, D., Kern, J. F., Govindjee, G., & Messinger, J. (2023) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-022-00991-y · Cited by 203
Metadata
- Authors
- Satkoski, A. M., Beukes, N. J., Li, W., Beard, B. L., & Johnson, C. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Johannesburg (ZA)
- Nanjing University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Satkoski, Aaron M.
- Venue
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 430
- Pages
- 43-53
- ISSN
- 0012-821X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1129004991
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 11.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2017-02-15)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Johannesburg
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- Great Oxidation Event, banded iron formations, Fig Tree Group, U-Th-Pb geochronology, iron isotopes, uranium, redox stratification
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
